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Detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Fluorescence-Based PCR
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Fluorescence-based PCR methods also are now available, which enable rapid, specific, and sensitive assays for the amplification and analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ).
An example of this methodology is fluorescence-based PCR using dual-labeled probes, termed dual-labeled end-point fluorescence PCR.
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Approaches to Developing Quantitative Risk Assessment Models
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
A step-by-step approach to creating a quantitative risk assessment model is given.
This chapter presents a procedure that will enable readers to familiarize themselves with the risk assessment process and equip them with the procedures necessary to construct risk assessment models for food-borne pathogens.
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Glucose Dehydrogenase for the Regeneration of NADPH and NADH
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Glucose dehydrogenases (GDHs) occur in several organisms such as Bacillus megaterium andBacillus subtilis.
In order to demonstrate their applicability we coupled an NADP + -dependent, (R)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) fromLactobacillus kefir with the glucose dehydrogenase fromB.
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Mapping DNA Target Sites of Chromatin Proteins In Vivo by Formaldehyde Crosslinking
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
The method described here is based on a technique developed to analyze the chromatin structure of the SV40 origin of replication, and also alterations in nucleosomal structures in thehsp70 promoter
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Exon Trapping for Positional Cloning and Fingerprinting
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Positional cloning involves the genetic, physical, and transcript mapping of specific parts of a genome ( 1 ).
Transcript identification from the clones in the contig results in a map of genes within the physical map.
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Gene Replacement in Mycobacterium bovis BCG
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Gene replacement is a powerful technique that exploits the innate ability of an organism to recombme homologous regions ofDNA .
It allows for the specrfic replacement of targeted genomic sequences with copies of those sequences carrying defined mutations, and therefore can facilitate the assignment of function to cloned genes.
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The Isolation of scFvs Against Small Target Molecules
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Phage display has the capacity to rapidly isolate recombinant antibodies against protein targets and other molecules of significant size.
However, there is no obvious lower limit to the power of the selection methods: this chapter describes how the techniques of phage display can be adapted to allow the isolation of antibodies against very small compounds.
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Chromosome Mapping Methods for Parasitic Protozoa
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
The chromosomes, which otherwise are too small to be detected in condensed form or mapped by conventional in situ hybridization methods, have a general size range that allows ready separation in agarose gels by PFGE.
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Genomic DNA Affinity Chromatography: A Technique to Isolate Interferon-Inducible DNA Binding Factors
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
In this chapter, we describe a procedure to identify IFN-inducible deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) binding factors independently of any knowledge of their target DNA sequences.
This procedure permits the identification of IFN-inducible STAT complexes as well as any other IFN-inducible DNA binding factors.
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Bighead
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Living in flowing water or large still water lake ponds, for the warm temperative plain area of the upper middle-class large fish, not good jump.
Ponds, reservoirs and lakes in eastern China are widely housed.
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Macrophage Virulence Assays
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
The initial phase of granuloma formation within the lung requires that the bacterium is ingested by alveolar macrophages.
Intracellular replication begins and an inflammatory reaction, involving recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes to the site, is initiated.
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Production of SV40 Proteins in Insect Cells and In Vitro Packaging of Virions and Pseudovirions
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
The use of insect cells and lytic baculovirus for expression of biologically active mammalian proteins has been the method of choice of many investigators.
Although prokaryotic expression systems provide higher yields and are technically simpler to use, obtaining biologically active eukaryotic proteins in these systems can be problematic.
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Browsing Metabolic and Regulatory Networks with BioCyc
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
The BioCyc database collection at BioCyc.org integrates genome and cellular network information for more than 1,100 organisms.
The EcoCyc database within the BioCyc collection has been extensively curated.
Those databases receiving no curation contain metabolic networks that were computationally inferred from the annotated genome sequences of each organism.
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Rapid Strain Evaluation Using Dynamic DO-Stat Fed-Batch Fermentation Under Scale-Down Conditions
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
In addition, a scale-down feature is integrated in the method to mimic the limitation of oxygen transfer in large-scale vessels, so that strains can be evaluated under the conditions close to that in large-scale bioreactors.
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32 Cases of Peptic Ulcer Treated by Dele Plus Erbailiwei Powder
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Network Delega di-white gastric dispersal treatment of peptic ulcers 32 cases peptic ulcers refers to the stomach and 12-finger intestinal mucous membrane layer, mucous membrane lower layer or muscle layer ulcers, stomach small bends, claustrophobia near the common, men are more common in women clinical characteristics are chronic, rhythmic and periodic upper abdominal pain, and accompanied by symptoms such as gas, anti-acid.
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Analysis of Lipid Biosynthesis and Location
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Three fractions are produced for subsequent lipid analysis: (1) the culture filtrate; (2) a readily released surface lipid fraction; and (3) the killed, labeled bacteria.
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Isolation and Characterization of Cathepsin-L1 Protease From Fasciola hepatica Excretory-Secretory Products for Serodiagnosis of Human Fasciolosis
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
The major antigens secreted by the parasiteFasciola hepatica are cathepsin-L cysteine proteases.
These enzymes can be isolated from the parasite excretory-secretory products in sufficient quantities for use as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of human fasciolosis.
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Fluorescence and Brightfield Cytology of Live M. tuberculosis Cells
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Although light microscopy fell out of favor as a research tool in prokaryotic biology in the 1980s, advances in the reagents available for cell labeling (staining) and in the user-friendliness of microscopes were underpinning a revolution in eukaryotic cell biology.
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SMEAR PREPARATION
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
The preparation of a smear is required for many laboratory procedures, including the Gram-stain.
A smear can be prepared from a solid or broth medium.
If using a broth medium, do not add the water.
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Bacteriophage Typing
Time of Update: 2021-01-31
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria.
Susceptibility to infection by particular phages varies between strains within a species, and this property can be exploited to construct highly discriminatory schemes for the type identification of strains in epidemiological studies.
Part of the success of the technique is due to the simple methodology involved.
