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Isolation and Quantification of Genomic DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
3. Centrifuge the Eppendorf tube for 5 min at room temperature using an aerosol-containing microfuge operating at 9,000 rpm.
7. Next, add 100 ml of 5 M NaCl to the cell suspension and thoroughly mix the contents of the Eppendorf tube using a vortex.
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Chromatographic Analysis of the Escherichia coli Polysialic Acid Capsule
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
Polysialic acid capsules are the major virulence factors inEscherichia coli K1, K92, and groups B and C meningococci.
Here, we describe methods to release the constituent capsular polysialic acid monomers, and to detect and quantify them by sensitive fluorometry.
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Genome Plasticity: Insertion Sequence Elements, Transposons and Integrons, and DNA Rearrangement
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
This chapter discusses bacterial DNA transfer systems, transposable elements and integrons, and the contributions each makes towards the evolution of bacterial genomes, particularly in relation to bacterial pathogenesis.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Pediatric Respiratory Virus Infections
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
Of these the most commonly diagnosed in the pediatric population is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which infects essentially all children in their first or second year of life, bringing approx 1% into the hospital with bronchiolitis or pneumonia ( 1 ).
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Determination of rRNA Gene Restriction Patterns
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
The development of molecular biology has opened the way to new approaches to bacterial identification and typing.
The number and position of these endonuclease-specific restriction sites on a DNA molecule determine the number and the sizes of the fragments generated by cleavage.
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Enzyme-linked immunology analysis of S2 antibodies (HBV preS2Ab) before human hepatitis B virus
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
With purified antigen package It < a href> " microplate" to make a solid phase antigen <> >span style" FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">, add < FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt ;COLOR: rgb (0,0,0);"> Before hepatitis B virus S2 antibody (HBV preS2Ab) ," then combines with antigens labeled >HRP to form antigens - antibodies - ase-labeled antigen complex , after thorough washing < FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"> plus " TMB color.
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Defined Media for H. pylori
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
In a series of studies, Mendz, Hazell, and colleagues found clear evidence for the pentose phosphate pathway ( 4 ), glucokinase activity ( 5 ), and the fermentation of glucose to lactate ( 6 ).
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PCR for the Detection of H. pylori in Gastric Juice Aspirates and Environmental Water Samples
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
Helicobacter pylori is a curved Gram-negative bacillus that infects the human gastric mucosa.
pylori require the collection of gastric samples by biopsy during gastroduodenoscopy.
To make a diagnosis without gastroduodenoscopy, indirect tests, such as ELISA or urea breath tests, must be relied on ( 2 ).
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Method for the Quantification of Aquatic Primary Production and Net Ecosystem Metabolism Using In Situ Dissolved Oxygen Sensors
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
We present an example-based methodology for the “open-water” technique to determine net ecosystem metabolism (or net community metabolism) of coastal and oceanic environments using dissolved oxygen measurements collected with in situ sensors.
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Electroporation of Dictyostelium discoideum
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
The ability to introduce molecules into cells has allowed the analysis of promoters by transient and stable expression of reporter genes, such as luciferase and β-galactosidase ( 2 , 3 ).
Stable transformants have also been created that overexpress normal and altered copies of important structural and regulatory proteins ( 4 – 9 ).
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Subfractionation and Analysis of the Cell Envelope (Lipo)polysaccharides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
Much of what is known about their biosynthesis was derived from the phenotypic analysis of knockout or conditional knockout mutants of mycobacteria generated by random or specific insertional mutagenesis.
tuberculosis cells and investigate major quantitative and qualitative changes in their cell envelope (lipo)polysaccharides.
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Human Intestinal Dendritic Cell Isolation
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
The isolation of dendritic (DC) cells from human intestinal tissue is associated with many of the problems encountered in the mouse, for example, low cell numbers and the paucity of specific cell surface markers.
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Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from Clinical Samples and Air
Time of Update: 2021-01-26
hyopneumoniae occurs by direct contact or aerosol in chronically infected herds when young susceptible pigs are in contact with older pigs.
Piglets can be infected by gilts, low parity sows, but also by older sows ( 2 ).
However, carrier sows represent the most likely source of transmission, ofM.
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Using Reporter Genes and the Escherichia coli ASKA Overexpression Library in Screens for Regulators of the Gram Negative Envelope Stress Response
Time of Update: 2021-01-25
coli ASKA overexpression library for clones that lead to altered expression of reporter genes.
The plasmids in each well are transformed into the reporter strain and transformants are screened for either altered β-galactosidase or light production.
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Microtechnique for Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Time of Update: 2021-01-25
A group can be identified only after it has been classified, based on a pattern of properties shown by all the members of the group that other groups do not possess.
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Genome-Wide Measurement of Histone H3 Replacement Dynamics in Yeast
Time of Update: 2021-01-25
Chromatin plays critical roles in processes governed in different timescales – responses to environmental changes require rapid plasticity, while long-term stability through multiple cell generations requires epigenetically heritable chromatin.
Understanding the dynamic behavior of chromatin is of great interest for fields ranging from transcriptional regulation through meiosis and gametogenesis.
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Enzyme-linked immunology analysis (ELISA) of S1 antibodies (HBV preS1Ab) before human hepatitis B virus
Time of Update: 2021-01-25
With the purified antigen package is microplate, made solid phase antigen, into the packet of single-resistant micro-holes in turn added before hepatitis B virus S1 antibody (HBV preS1Ab) ", and then with HRP " labeled antigen binding, forming the antigen - ""> antibody - ase-label antigen complex, after thorough washing of the substrate TMB color display.
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Syncytial Assays
Time of Update: 2021-01-25
Virus-induced cell fusion is a cytopathic cellular response easily recognizable by microscopic examination, which has been exploited to considerable advantage in virology, as will be briefly discussed.
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Patch Clamp Electrophysiology for the Study of Bacterial Ion Channels in Giant Spheroplasts of E. coli
Time of Update: 2021-01-25
Based on the knowledge acquired, predominantly over the last 20 years, a large diversity of ion channels exists in cellular membranes of prokaryotes as well.
coli cells was instrumental for functional studies of ion channels in the bacterial cell membrane.
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Gene Fusions for the Directed Modification of the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Mucor circinelloides
Time of Update: 2021-01-25
In this chapter we describe part of our efforts to construct active gene fusions which could advance in the diversification of carotenoid production by this fungus.
to thecrtS gene ofXanthophyllomyces dendrorhous , responsible for the synthesis of astaxanthin from β-carotene in this fungus, but which was shown to have only hydroxylase activity inM.
