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Linearizer Gene Circuits with Negative Feedback Regulation
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Gene functional studies consist of phenotyping cells with altered gene expression.
Improving the precision of current gene expression control techniques would enable more detailed studies of gene function.
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Determination of Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Maize Food Products by a New Analytical Method Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorimetric Detection with Post-column Derivatization
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, presents a rapid and automated online post-column derivatization, performed witho -phthalaldehyde andN , N -dimethyl-2-mercaptoethylamine (Thiofluor™).
The filtered extract is purified by immunoaffinity column and FB 1 and FB 2 are eluted with methanol.
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Production of Baculovirus-Expressed Recombinant Proteins in Wave Bioreactors
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Wave Bioreactors are relatively new to the field of protein production from insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses.
Excellent insect cell growth and production of proteins from many classes can be achieved with these units.
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Assaying Interleukins in Plasma in the Course of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Ischemia and reperfusion process with immune-mediated myocyte injury and postischemic myocardial inflammation (1 –3 ).
3. The process of myocyte apoptosis, leading to the loss of myocardial contractile function (5 ).
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Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Similarly, reverse transcription-PCR ( RT-PCR ) allows the study of targeted gene expression, by reverse transcription of RNA to complementary DNA ( cDNA ), followed by amplification of target DNA using predetermined primers.
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Proteomic Analysis of Proteins Secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
We describe a proteomic approach routinely used in our laboratory to characterize culture supernatant proteins using small-format two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Following resuspension in denaturing solution, the proteins are separated by isoelectric focusing using a 7-cm immobilized strip with a pH gradient of 4–7.
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Bacteriophage Enrichment from Water and Soil
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Classical bacterial enrichment devised by Sergius Winogradsky (1856–1953) and Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931) can be modified to enrich for bacteria-specific viruses. In this chapter simple protocols
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Yeast Two-Hybrid System Screening
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The yeast two-hybrid system is a poau]werful molecular genetic tool conceived by Fields and Song ( 1 ).
Using these methods, the readers should be able to successfully negotiate a yeast two-hybrid screen using the Fields’ or related systems.
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Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The enteroviruses and rhinoviruses are two large groups of viruses belonging to thePicornaviridae that regularly cause infections in humans.
The human enteroviruses consist of 66 serotypes ( 1 ) that include the polioviruses, group A and B coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses.
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Microinjection of BAC DNA into the Pronuclei of Fertilized Mouse Oocytes
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Although the basic technique for microinjection of large constructs are similar to those used for shorter DNA segments, there are some special requirements ( 14 ).
In this chapter, we describe relevant steps for microinjection using large DNA constructs.
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PCR orLowLevel Detection of Malaria Parasites in Blood
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The detection of parasites byDNA hybridization depends largely on the ability of a DNA probe to identify a parasite DNA sequence that is absent in the host and other closely related parasites.
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Prokaryote Genome Fluidity: Toward a System Approach of the Mobilome
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The importance of horizontal/lateral gene transfer (LGT) in shaping the genomes of prokaryotic organisms has been recognized in recent years as a result of analysis of the increasing number of available genome sequences.
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Multiplex PCR of Avian Pathogenic Mycoplasmas
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Only four avian mycoplasmas species are known to cause economic losses in commercial poultry production.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) infection commonly causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys ( 2 ), M.
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Methods for Working with the Mouse Model
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
These models have also been used to test the role of environmental conditions that modulate infection.
Different mouse models have been used successfully to studyC.
The advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed.
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Ethanol-Tolerant Gene Identification in Clostridium thermocellum Using Pyro-Resequencing for Metabolic Engineering
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
In this chapter, we present the approach using Roche 454 next-generation pyro-resequencing to identify the genotypic changes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with an ethanol-tolerant strain ofClostridium thermocellum.
These can help researchers to identify the genotypic change of other biocatalysts for strain improvement through metabolic engineering.
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Using an Advanced Microfermentor System for Strain Screening and Fermentation Optimization
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
To maximize the bioproduction of a selected strain, bioreaction (fermentation) conditions need to be optimized.
Bench-scale fermentor experiments (>0.5 L) are well controlled under designed conditions and provide high-quality data, but they are also very time- and cost-consuming.
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Selectable Markers for Eukaryotic Cells
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The transfer of DNA sequences into a population of cells can rarely, if ever, be achieved with 100% efficiency.
If the transferred sequences do not confer a selective growth advantage, it is essential to use selection for transduced cells.
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Electronic Access Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sequence Data
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
This information is obviously of great benefit to researchers in the field, but the sheer volume of data often makes it inaccessible.
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Virus Genome Detection by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Since the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) technique was developed in 1986 ( 1 ), it has found wide application in molecular biology and is now regarded as an irreplaceable tool in many laboratories
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PCR-Derived Methods for the Identification of Trichinella Parasites from Animal and Human Samples
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Trichinella worms (family: Trichinellidae; phylum: Nematoda) are parasites that mainly infect mammals, including humans, although they have been found in birds and, recently, in African crocodiles ( 1 , 2 ).
The main reservoir is represented by carnivores with cannibalistic and scavenger behavior.
