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Purification of Antilisterial Bacteriocins
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) extensively used in fermented foods for thousands of years not only improve their flavor and texture but also inhibit pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms.
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Clostridium difficile Toxinotyping
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
Strains with changes in PaLoc are defined as variant toxinotypes and currently 27 such groups are recognized (I to XXVII).
Toxinotype 0 includes strains with PaLoc identical to the reference laboratory strain VPI 10463.
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Novel Approach in the Biosynthesis of Functional Carotenoids in Escherichia coli
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
Thus, the synthesis of useful carotenoids with metabolic pathway-engineered microorganisms should offer an alternative and promising approach for their efficient production.
Here, we describe a novel method for an efficient production of such carotenoids, usingE.
coli cells that carry heterologous mevalonate pathway-based genes.
coli cells carrying only the lycopene-producing plasmid.
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Molecular Biology Methods for Detection and Identification of Cryptosporidium Species in Feces, Water, and Shellfish
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
A number of fairly standard target genes have been assessed as detection targets, including 18 S rRNA, microsatellites, and heat-shock (stress) proteins.
Methodology based on adaptation of commercial kits has been developed and successfully employed to recover amplifiable DNA directly from water, food (particularly seafood), and fecal samples.
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Adenovirus DNA Packaging: Construction and Analysis of Viral Mutants
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
The adenovirus particle contains minimally 12 distinct virus-encoded proteins ( 1 ) (the structural proteins: hexon, penton, fiber, IIIa, VI, VIII, and IX; the core proteins: V, VII and μ; and the nonstructural proteins: proteinase and terminal protein).
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Analysis of Protein Factors that Interact with Adenovirus Early Promoters
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
On account of their relatively small, defined genomes, viruses have long been a convenient model system in which to study eucaryotic gene expression. Usually, viral infection is followed by early gen
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Morphological and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Epigenetic Switching of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
Here, we describe basic methods to discriminate between white and opaque switching variants, based on cellular and macroscopic morphologies, expression levels of phase-specific transcripts, Wor1 protein levels, as well as quantitative mating assays.
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Preparation and Evaluation of Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysates for Growth by Ethanologenic Yeasts
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
To study the effects of these compounds on fermentation performance, the production of various hydrolysates with diverse inhibitory effects is of importance.
A platform of methods that generates hydrolysates through four different ways and tests their inhibitory effects using Bioscreen C Analyzer growth tests is described here.
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Cytokines in Blister Fluids
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
In the history of clinical pathology, all the body fluids have been employed to examine several types of molecules. Obviously, the serum has always been the principle source of exploration, although
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Algorithms for Systematic Identification of Small Subgraphs
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
In cancer research for example, one is able to derive knowledge about putative drug targets by revealing the strengths and weaknesses inherent in a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network.
In addition, the study of biological networks is now an active part of molecular biology.
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DNA Microarray to Analyze AdenovirusHost Interactions
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
DNA chips allow high-throughput evaluation of the profile of transduced cells and have contributed to underlining specific aspects of vector toxicity both in in vitro and in vivo assets.
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Polioviruses: Concurrent Serotyping and Intratypic Differentiation of Polioviruses
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
Enteroviruses multiply in the alimentary tract but can spread to other organs and cause a variety of diseases, which depending on the individual enterovirus type, include poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, rashes, respiratory illness, eye disease, and cardiac disease.
Rhinoviruses multiply in the respiratory tract and are one cause of the common cold.
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Other spirochetes
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
First, for the return of the thermal helix, lice as the medium of transmission, causing the epidemic of regression fever, the domestic epidemic is mainly the return of this kind of heat.
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Monitoring Autophagy in Dictyostelium
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism essential for cell survival and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, differentiation, and development.
We describe here the use of confocal microscopy to detect the pattern of different autophagic markers and the differences expected in strains deficient in autophagy.
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Detection of Mycoplasmas in Cell Culture by Fluorescence Methods
Time of Update: 2021-02-19
The fluorescence stains used most often for mycoplasma detection are DNA binding fluorochromes (DNAFs) and fluoresceinated antibodies.
DNAFs will bind to any appropriately conformed DNA that is present in a sample preparation and are, therefore, not specific for mycoplasmas.
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The Use of Peptide Nucleic Acids in Surface Plasmon Resonance for Detection of Red Tide Algae
Time of Update: 2021-02-18
There is a need for low-cost, rapid, and accurate detection of harmful organisms.
We have developed a method for RNA detection ofAlexandrium using a portable surface plasmon resonance biosensing instrument and peptide nucleic acid probes.
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Vaccinia Virus as an Expression Vector
Time of Update: 2021-02-18
Vaccinia virus (Vv) is a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus, one of seven genera included in the family Poxviridae.
Most of these viruses infect vertebrates (Orthopoxvirus, Avipoxvirus, Capripoxvirus, Leporipoxvirus, Suipoxvirus, and Parapoxvirus), but one genus, Entomopoxvirus, infects insects.
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Production and Release Testing of Ovine Atadenovirus Vectors
Time of Update: 2021-02-18
New GDEPT vectors based on ovine atadenovirus andEscherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) have been developed for first time use in humans in a phase I trial for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Regulation of Murine Interferon Regulatory Factor Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System Determined by Multiprobe RNase Protection Assay
Time of Update: 2021-02-18
We sought to examine the expression and regulation of the IRF genes in a number of different murine models for immune- or virally induced central nervous system disease.
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Quick and reliable method to analyze meiotic segregation patterns in Coprinus cinereus using the polymerase chain reaction
Time of Update: 2021-02-18
The following components were added to the indicated concentrations after the first denaturation step for PCR-amplification (final volume 100 microliters): 67 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 16 mM (NH4)2SO4, 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 3 mM MgCl2, 2 glycerol, 1 micromole of each primer (see below), dATP, dCTP, dGTP (each 200 uM), dUTP (500 uM), and 2.5 units of Amplitaq DNA Polymerase (Perkin Elmer Cetus).
