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Organogenesis in Callus Culture
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
Research during the last 30 yr has demonstrated that successful organogenesis in callus cultures can be achieved by the correct choice of medium components, selection of a suitable inoculum, and control of the physical environment ( 1 ).
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Engineering High Yields of Secondary Metabolites in Rubia Cell Cultures Through Transformation with Rol Genes
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
These genes, isolated from plasmids of the plant pathogenAgrobacterium rhizogenes , are potential activators of secondary metabolism in transformed cells from the Solanaceae, Araliaceae, Rubiaceae, Vitaceae, and Rosaceae families.
cells with therol genes as an example of metabolic engineering of secondary metabolites.
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In Vivo NMR for 13C metabolic Flux Analysis
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
In vivo NMR allows to visualize the active metabolic network, to determine metabolic and isotopic steady state and to measure metabolic fluxes which are not necessarily accessible by isotopic steady state (stationary) Metabolic Flux Analysis.
The kinetic data can be used as input for dynamic (nonstationary) Metabolic Flux Analysis.
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Growth of Plants and Preservation of Seeds
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
Arabidopsis can be grown in a variety of environmental settings including growth rooms, wmdow ledges, outdoors, growth chambers, and greenhouses.
This chapter focuses on growth of plants on so11 in various envrromnental settings and especrally m growth chambers and greenhouses.
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Formulation and Application of Plant Pathogens for Biological Weed Control
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
For bioherbicides to succeed in the marketplace, products must be efficacious, consistent, easy to use, economical, and have adequate storage life.
The satisfaction of these criteria depends on the development of formulation technology tailored to the industries that will develop the bioherbicides, and to the consumers who will use the products.
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A Strategy for Selecting Data Mining Techniques in Metabolomics
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
Metabolomics data usually requires intensive pre-processing, analysis, and mining procedures.
We describe a strategy for selecting data mining techniques which takes into consideration the goals of data mining techniques on the one hand, and the goals of metabolomics investigations and the nature of the data on the other.
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Biochemical Analyses of the Interactions Between Viral Polymerases and RNAs
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
Despite this, only minimal detailed information is available for the interaction between viral polymerases and cognate RNAs. We study the biochemical interactions using two viral polymerases that could serve as models for other plus-strand RNA viruses: the replicase from the tripartite brome mosaic virus (BMV), and the recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from hepatitis C virus (HCV).
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Mutagenesis
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
As far as selectable markers are concerned, mostly nuclear-coded mutations have been characterized, with theexceptionof chloroplast-encodedstreptomycinresistance ( 9 , 10 ) and lincomycin resistance ( 21 ).
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Measurement of Plant Hormones by Liquid ChromatographyMass Spectrometry
Time of Update: 2021-01-18
Accurate and sensitive quantification of ABA and its metabolites has made a significant contribution to the knowledge of the role of this hormone, and also of its relationship to the induction of numerous ABA-induced genes in plants.
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RNA Extraction from Developing or Mature Wheat Seeds
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Purification of RNA from plant tissue especially from seed tissue can be challenging due to this high starch content.
Thus the removal of starch by using appropriate methods is necessary for obtaining pure RNA to be processed for functional genomics analysis.
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Micropropagation of Paradise Tree (Melia azedarach) by In Vitro Culture of Axillary Buds
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
This chapter describes a protocol for in vitro propagation of paradise tree by axillary buds.
Firstly, shoot induction by in vitro culture of axillary buds, excised from potted plants obtained by rooting of cuttings of 10–15-year-old adult trees.
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Hormonal Control of Growth and Development
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Growth and organogenesis in vitro is highly dependent on the interaction between naturally occurring endogenous growth substances and an analogous growth regulator added to the medium.
A balance between auxin and cytokinin growth regulator is most often required for the formation of adventitious shoot and root meristems.
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Combinatorial Genetic Transformation of Cereals and the Creation of Metabolic Libraries for the Carotenoid Pathway
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
The principle of combinatorial nuclear transformation is demonstrated in this chapter through protocols developed in our laboratory that allow combinations of genes encoding enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to be introduced into rice and a white-endosperm variety of corn.
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Flow Cytometric Methods to Investigate Culture Heterogeneities for Plant Metabolic Engineering
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
This chapter describes the application of plant cell flow cytometric techniques to investigate culture heterogeneity at the single cell level, in order to optimize culture performance through targeted metabolic engineering.
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Plant Metabolomics: From Experimental Design to Knowledge Extraction
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Large variety of metabolites produced by plants through the complex metabolic networks and their dynamic changes in response to various perturbations can be studied using metabolomics.
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Genome-Wide Analysis of RNA-Protein Interactions in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
To dissect RNA–protein interaction networks, it is necessary to identify the RNAs with which each RBP interacts and to determine how those interactions influence RNA fate and downstream processes.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
During the last three years the generation of stably transformed cassava plants having value-added traits has become a reality.
Currently, twoAgrobacterium -mediated transformation systems are routinely used to engineer cassava.
This paper presents detailed protocols for the transformation of cassava using primary somatic embryos.
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Cashews
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Nuts are divided into two parts: puffy meaty flower tray, ripe orange-red, 2.5 to 8.5 cm long, soft and juicy; high temperature, sensitive to low temperature, the average monthly temperature is 15 degrees C when the growth is slow, 3 to 5 degrees C low temperature lasts for several days, that is, frostbite.
Hainan Province 30 years of large trees can harvest more than 3000 fruit.
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Studying Interactions Between Chloroplast Proteins in Intact Plant Cells Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation and Frster Resonance Energy Transfer
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Protein–protein interactions play crucial roles in the execution of many cellular functions, including those in plastids.
Identifying and characterising protein–protein interactions can yield valuable information regarding the function of a protein and can also contribute towards understanding protein–protein interaction networks in plastids, thereby contributing to a better understanding of cellular processes.
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Optimization of Steady-State 13C-Labeling Experiments for Metabolic Flux Analysis
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
While steady-state13 C metabolic flux analysis is a powerful method for deducing multiple fluxes in the central metabolic network of heterotrophic and mixotrophic plant tissues, it is also time-cons
