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Hormonal Control of Growth and Development
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Growth and organogenesis in vitro is highly dependent on the interaction between naturally occurring endogenous growth substances and an analogous growth regulator added to the medium.
A balance between auxin and cytokinin growth regulator is most often required for the formation of adventitious shoot and root meristems.
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Combinatorial Genetic Transformation of Cereals and the Creation of Metabolic Libraries for the Carotenoid Pathway
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
The principle of combinatorial nuclear transformation is demonstrated in this chapter through protocols developed in our laboratory that allow combinations of genes encoding enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to be introduced into rice and a white-endosperm variety of corn.
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Genome-Wide Analysis of RNA-Protein Interactions in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
To dissect RNA–protein interaction networks, it is necessary to identify the RNAs with which each RBP interacts and to determine how those interactions influence RNA fate and downstream processes.
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Cashews
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Nuts are divided into two parts: puffy meaty flower tray, ripe orange-red, 2.5 to 8.5 cm long, soft and juicy; high temperature, sensitive to low temperature, the average monthly temperature is 15 degrees C when the growth is slow, 3 to 5 degrees C low temperature lasts for several days, that is, frostbite.
Hainan Province 30 years of large trees can harvest more than 3000 fruit.
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Plant Metabolomics: From Experimental Design to Knowledge Extraction
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Large variety of metabolites produced by plants through the complex metabolic networks and their dynamic changes in response to various perturbations can be studied using metabolomics.
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Studying Interactions Between Chloroplast Proteins in Intact Plant Cells Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation and Frster Resonance Energy Transfer
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Protein–protein interactions play crucial roles in the execution of many cellular functions, including those in plastids.
Identifying and characterising protein–protein interactions can yield valuable information regarding the function of a protein and can also contribute towards understanding protein–protein interaction networks in plastids, thereby contributing to a better understanding of cellular processes.
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Micropropagation of Paradise Tree (Melia azedarach) by In Vitro Culture of Axillary Buds
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
This chapter describes a protocol for in vitro propagation of paradise tree by axillary buds.
Firstly, shoot induction by in vitro culture of axillary buds, excised from potted plants obtained by rooting of cuttings of 10–15-year-old adult trees.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
During the last three years the generation of stably transformed cassava plants having value-added traits has become a reality.
Currently, twoAgrobacterium -mediated transformation systems are routinely used to engineer cassava.
This paper presents detailed protocols for the transformation of cassava using primary somatic embryos.
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Application of Metabolic Flux Analysis to Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
This volume compiles a series of chapters that cover the major aspects of plant metabolic flux analysis, such as but not limited to labeling of plant material, acquisition of labeling data, mathemati
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Protocol for Inducing Flower Color Somaclonal Variation in Torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.)
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
The results showed a wide range of somaclonal variation in flower colors; early flowering occurred in MS medium containing � strength of macroelements, microelements, Fe, and full strength of organic additives (M3).
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Comovirus Isolation and RNA Extraction
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Purified preparations of comoviruses consist of two, sometimes three, distinguishable particles, which can be separated by centrifugation on sucrose density gradients.
These particles are designated as bottom (B), middle (M), and top (T) component, corresponding to their position in the centrifuge tube.
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Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Peptides
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Here we describe two techniques that are used to identify phosphopeptides.
These are Titanium Dioxide and Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) which enrich for phosphopeptides.
These enrichment techniques typically often identify ~35 % of the same and ~65 % unique phosphopeptides.
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Citrus
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Abundant availability of starting material and relative simplicity make this procedure an attractive choice for many researchers despite transformation efficiency that is in the low range of about 1%.
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Activation Tagging and Insertional Mutagenesis in Barley
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
This has been achieved primarily by high-throughput plant transformation using T- DNA sequences that encode regulatory elements.
Insertion of this transposable element into genes can also generate insertional inactivation mutants enabling both gene overexpression and gene knockout mutants to be identified in the same population.
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In planta Expression of Oomycete and Fungal Genes
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Functional genomic approaches are essential to exploit the sequence information to identify pathogen effector genes that trigger cellular and molecular responses in plant cells.
These assays allow rapid functional expression of pathogen genes in plants and can be used in high-throughput screens.
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Super-Stretched Pachytene Chromosomes for Plant Molecular Cytogenetic Mapping
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
The super-stretched pachytene chromosomes produced from this procedure can be directly used in conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments and also for the immunofluorescent in situ detection ofDNA methylation.
This technique adds a new dimension and higher resolving power to pachytene chromosome-based molecular cytogenetics research.
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Separating the Inseparable: The Metabolomic Analysis of PlantPathogen Interactions
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Plant–microbe interactions—whether pathogenic or symbiotic—exert major influences on plant physiology and productivity.
We here describe an approach based on co-cultivation ofArabidopsis cell cultures and bacterial plant pathogens to assess the metabolomes of both interacting partners, which we refer to as dual metabolomics.
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Carmovirus Isolation and RNA Extraction
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
The Carmovirus group is named aftercar nationmo ttle virus (CarMV), its type member.
They are also characterized by a monopartite positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome ofM r 1.4–1.6 � 10 6 and a single capsid protein ofM r 36,000–46,000 ( 1 ).
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Joint Action of Microbials for Disease Control
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
Indeed, the concern for food of high quality, without residues of pesticides, and for a sustainable agri culture that will preserve the fertility of soil, and prevent the pollution of the environment, has stimulated research dealing with biological control At the same time, progress made in molecular technology has provided tools to study the modes of action of biocontrol agents.
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Using Natural Allelic Diversity to Evaluate Gene Function
Time of Update: 2021-01-17
We describe how association analysis can be used to relate natural variation at candidate genes with agronomic phenotypes.
Association approaches in plants can provide very high resolution and can evaluate a wide range of alleles rapidly.
