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Profiling the Jasmonic Acid Responses by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
Metabolomics based on nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) can be used to monitor the metabolite response of plants to jasmonic acid.
Metabolomics experiments consist of three important steps: sample preparation, NMR analysis, and data mining.
Here, we describe all three steps of metabolomic analysis by means of NMR spectroscopy.
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Mammalian Cells
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
The ability ofAgrobacterium to genetically transform HeLa cells further widens the range of potential hosts ofAgrobacterium to include humans and perhaps other animal species.
Here, we present basic procedures for transfection andAgrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation of mammalian cells.
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The Minimal Information About a Proteomics Experiment (MIAPE) from the Proteomics Standards Initiative
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
Such minimum information must describe the complete experiment, including both experimental protocols and data processing methods, allowing a critical evaluation of the whole process and the potential recreation of the work.
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Quantitative Analysis of 2D Gels
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
In this chapter we describe different parameters that should be taken into account in the experimental design and during image acquisition, and we present different programs for the normalization of quantitative data, the selection of reproducible spots according to user-defined criteria, and the selection of spots showing qualitative and significant quantitative variations.
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Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana and Other Plant Species
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an efficient tool for high throughput reverse genetic screens.
Here we describe a protocol for conducting a VIGS screen inNicotiana benthamiana usingTobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) based silencing vectors.
This protocol can readily be adapted to many other model plant species.
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Photosystem II Reconstitution into Proteoliposomes and Methodologies for StructureFunction Characterization
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
This chapter discusses the photosystem II (PSII) reconstitution into proteoliposomes.
In the second part of the chapter, methodologies are described for the structure–function characterization of the PSII–lipid complexes (proteoliposomes).
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Random Amplified Marker Technique for Plants Rich in Polyphenols
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
It is suggested that after proper optimization, the RAPD is a reliable, sensitive, and reproducible assay having the potential to detect a wide range of DNA variations.
RAPD markers will continue to be boon for genetic studies of those organisms where yet no sequence information or scanty information is available.
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Micropropagation and Organogenesis of Anthurium andreanum Lind cv Rubrun
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
Virtually all pot type Anthuriums available in the market today are produced by tissue culture.
We also describe a detailed method for the histological analysis of callus tissue and a vitro plants acclimatization protocol.
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Conducting Molecular Biomarker Discovery Studies in Plants
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
Molecular biomarkers are molecules whose concentrations in a biological system inform about the current phenotypical state and, more importantly, may also be predictive of future phenotypic trait endpoints.
In this chapter, we outline the general strategy and workflow of conducting biomarker discovery studies.
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Cryopreservation of Shoot Tips and Meristems: An Overview of Contemporary Methodologies
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
This chapter provides an overview of those protocols most commonly used to cryopreserve in vitro derived shoot tips and meristems; they are described generically, as sequential technical steps, including preparative and cryogenic treatments and the morphogenetic assessment of recovery.
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Plant Tissue Culture of Fast-Growing Trees for Phytoremediation Research
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
Unfortunately, little is known about the metabolic pathways involved in the transformation of xenobiotic compounds and the ability of certain plants to tolerate, detoxify, and store high concentrations of heavy metals.
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The deep mountains are full of laughter
Time of Update: 2020-11-10
Both sexes, single in the branches of the leaves, white, has fragrance, flowers are 9 , long inverted egg shape.
The fruit October November November.
The fruit of tree about 30 years of age should be selected.
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Analysing Cellulose Biosynthesis with Confocal Microscopy
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
Plant cells are delimited by a rigid cell wall that resists internal turgor pressure, but extends with a remarkable degree of control that allows the cell to grow and acquire specific shapes.
Live cell fluorescence microscopy systems have allowed an amazing view into the complex and dynamic lives of individual proteins during cell morphogenesis.
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Intercellular Trafficking of Macromolecules During Embryogenesis
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
Plasmodesmata provide routes for communication and nutrient transfer between plant cells by interconnecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
A simple fluorescent tracer-loading assay was developed to monitor patterns of cell to cell transport via plasmodesmata specifically during embryogenesis.
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In Vitro Propagation of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Shoot Tip Culture
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
However, its narrow germplasm base, together with susceptibility to diseases, pathogens, and weeds, decreases yield and seed quality and causes great economic losses annually.
Hence, the optimization of efficient in vitro propagation procedures would be highly effective for peanut propagation, as it would raise yield and improve seed quality and flavor.
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Functional Analysis by Protein Biochemistry
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
This chapter describes how functional characterization of plant proteins can be achieved via in vitro or in vivo methods.
The first section of this chapter describes the use ofEscherichia coli as a host for expression of plant genes, followed by purification and in vitro characterization of the resultant enzyme.
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Baizhi.
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
The leaves are mutually born, the lower leaves of the stems are large, 2 to 3 back plume-like division, the base of the leaf handle is enlarged into a wing-like, the upper leaves are underdeveloped, and only the egg-shaped sac-shaped leaves remain.
Complex umbrella-shaped flower sequence, yellow and green flowers in summer.
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Setting Up Reverse Transcription Quantitative-PCR Experiments
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
Quantitative real-timePCR (q RT-PCR ), in conjunction with reverse transcriptase, has been used for the systematic measurement of plant physiological changes in gene expression.
The expression stability of the five selected housekeeping genes varied considerably in different tissues (seedlings, vegetative and reproductive stages) in a given stress condition.
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Embryo Rescue Following Wide Crosses
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
If genes are not present in crop species, we resort to mutagenesis, transformation, protoplast fusion, and wide crosses.
Nevertheless, wide crossing will remain an important method of genome manipulation for introducing unique variation to crop species.
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Vegetation (vegetation)
Time of Update: 2020-11-09
The units that make up vegetation are plant groups, and the vegetation in a certain area can be composed of a single group or several groups, such as Changbai Mountain vegetation is mainly composed of forest community, while the vegetation in North China is composed of forest, thicket and meadow community.
