-
Analytical Ultracentrifugation of Chromatin
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Consequently, to biochemically characterize chromatin structure/function relationships in vitro, one must be able to analyze both the intramolecular conformational dynamics and intermolecular interactions of an exceedingly complex macromolecular assembly (e.g., a 12-mer nucleosomal array containing one H1 molecule per nucleosome consists of >100 proteins and 2400 bp of DNA, has a molecular mass of approx 3.5�106 D, yet represents only roughly one millionth of an intact eukaryotic chromosome.) Fig. 1.
-
Methods for Treating HIV by Gene Therapy Using Ribozymes
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Ribozymes are small catalytic RNAs with the ability to reversibly cleave covalent bonds in RNA in the complete absence of protein ( 1 ).
The first ribozyme to be identified was the self-splicing ribosomal RNA precursor of the protozoanTetrahymena ( 2 , 3 ).
-
Sequence Analysis of the Variable Number Tandem Repeat in Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Gene: spa Typing
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
VNTR analysis is currently widely used to sub-speciate many bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens and has facilitated a number of molecular epidemiology studies.
In this chapter, we focus onspa typing which is based on sequence analysis of VNTRs in the polymorphic X region of theStaphylococcus aureus protein A geneStaphylococcus aureus .
-
Measurement of Macrophage-Mediated Cytolysis of Adenovirus-Infected Cells
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Macrophages are well-known for their ability to serve as phagocytes, ingesting and destroying microorganisms such as bacteria, and for their function in antigen presentation. Less appreciated, perhap
-
Large-Scale Purification and Crystallization of Adenovirus Hexon
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
This chapter provides a protocol for the large-scale purification of adenovirus type 2 and 5 virions and the soluble major coat protein hexon.
The infected cells are lysed, virions and hexon are separated by centrifugation, and the protein is then further purified by anion exchange chromatography.
-
Minimization and Prevention of Phage Infections in Bioprocesses
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Phage infections in bacterial bioprocesses constitute one of the most devastating threats to the productivity of the biotechnology facilities.
There are several factors, which can decide if an infection would occur, and if it would turn into an outbreak and heavy contamination of the production facility.
-
Chlamydia psittaci
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Parrot chlamydia is easy to grow in chicken embryo yolk sacs and HeLa cells, monkey renal cells culture and can infect mice with pneumonia, periaryitis or encephalitis and die.
-
Molecular Methods for Detecting Ulcerogenic Strains of H. pylori
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
These characteristics can be divided into two groups: first, those relating to vacuolating cytotoxin activity ( 1 , 2 ), and differences in the gene encoding the cytotoxin,vacA ( 3 ); second, those relating to the cytotoxin-associated gene,cagA ( 4 , 5 ).
-
Controlled Expression of Recombinant Genes and Preparation of Cell-Free Extracts in Yeast
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Additionally, complex biochemical processes such as transcription andDNA repair can be studied in yeast cell-free extracts in vitro, which benefit greatly from a large collection of well-defined mutant strains.
Controlled gene expression and preparation of cell-free extracts are important techniques in the yeast system.
-
Genomic Footprinting Using Nucleases
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Investigations of protein/ DNA interactions in vitro may not have relevance to a living cell system.
To analyze events occurring at the DNA level in a living cell, Church et al.
-
Adhesion Ability of Lactobacillus to Vaginal Epithelial Cells: Study by Microbiological Methods
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Adhesion of lactobacilli to the epithelium has been described as the first step in the formation of a barrier to prevent undesirable microbial colonization ( 1 ); consequently, it has been defined as
-
The Detection of Enteroviruses in Water and Associated Materials Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Although not a cause of gastroenteritis, enteroviruses may cause disease including paralysis, meningitis, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy, and less severe infections, such as, colds and fever, mainly in young children, They are therefore a public health concern, and in order to make proper evaluation of their significance, in water techniques are required that are rapid and reliable and can accommodate large numbers of samples in one test batch.
-
Expression of Single-Chain Fv Fragments in E. coli Cytoplasm
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
The most frequently used approach to produce single-chain Fv fragments (scFv) and Fab inEscherichia coli is to express them in the periplasm of the bacteria.
coli strains or hyperstable scFvs.
-
The syringe
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Every year from mid-March to early April, pro-fish swims to the coast to lay eggs.
The amount of eggs is 1 to 20,000.
The herring herd of bait is also not far from the coast.
-
Overcoming Inhibition in Real-Time Diagnostic PCR
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
PCR is an important and powerful tool in several fields, including clinical diagnostics, food analysis, and forensic analysis.
In order to overcome the problems caused by PCR inhibitors, all the steps leading up to DNA amplification must be optimized for the sample type in question.
-
Refinement of the Hamster Model of Clostridium difficile Disease
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
The Golden Syrian hamster is widely regarded as the most relevant small animal model ofClostridium difficile disease as oral infection of animals pre-treated with antibiotics reproduces many of the symptoms observed in man.
-
Differentiation of Lactobacilli Strains by Electrophoretic Protein Profiles
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
The manufacture of high-quality products requieres close attention to characterization, differentiation, and maintenance of lactobacilli starter culture strains.
The species identification of LAB depends mainly on physiological and biochemical criteria.
These methods will be useful for culture maintenance by giving each particular strain a fingerprint.
-
Protein Disulfide Bond Formation in the Periplasm: Determination of the In Vivo Redox State of Cysteine Residues
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
Many proteins secreted to the bacterial cell envelope contain cysteine residues that are involved in disulfide bonds.
Monitoring the in vivo redox state of cysteine residues, i.e., determining whether those cysteines are oxidized to a disulfide bond or not, is therefore required to fully characterize the function and structural properties of numerous periplasmic proteins.
-
PCR-Based Detection of Coxiella burnetii from Clinical Samples
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
burnetii is performed in cell culture, animals or embryonated chicken eggs, however, the procedure is time-consuming and hazardous and therefore restricted to specialized laboratories.
A PCR assay designated Trans-PCR, which targets a repetitive, transposon-like element ( 5 – 8 ) proved to be specific and sensitive.
-
Bacterial Molecular Networks: Bridging the Gap Between Functional Genomics and Dynamical Modelling
Time of Update: 2021-02-01
This introductory review synthesizes the contents of the volumeBacterial Molecular Networks of the seriesMethods in Molecular Biology .
This volume gathers 9 reviews and 16 method chapters describing computational protocols for the analysis of metabolic pathways, protein interaction networks, and regulatory networks.
