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Phytoplasma Proteomic Analysis
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
Following the sequencing of the phytoplasma genomes, the next step is to characterize the expressed proteome of phytoplasmas to acquire the verification and functional annotation of all predicted genes and their protein products.
The protocol described here is also applicable to the analysis of other phytoplasma proteomes.
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Isolation of MicroRNAs that Regulate Seed Dormancy and Germination
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in gene regulation in many plant tissues and organs during various developmental stages.
Characterizing the expression of miRNAs and their target genes in dormant and germinating seeds helps to gain a better understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs during seed dormancy and germination.
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Northern Analysis and Nucleic Acid Probes
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
Soon after the introduction of the Southern blotting procedure ( 1 ), an analogous technique, known as northern blotting, was developed for the analysis of RNA sequences ( 2 ).
Nucleic acids separated by size using agarose gel electrophoresis are transferred onto a solid support (membrane) and hybridized to complementary radiolabeled nucleic acid sequences.
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A Simple and Rapid Method for Determining Transgenic Cotton Plants
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
Traditional methods, such as Northern blotting and qRT- PCR , for determining transgenic events either require radioactively labeled substrates, expensive instruments, or long-time commitments, which result in lab and time-consuming as well as expensive costs.
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A One-Time Inducible Transposon to Create Knockout Mutants in Rice
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
Use of a transposon is an efficient tagging tool for exploring the function of the gene it inserts into or is adjacent to.
A few modifications have been applied to the nativeAc transposon to allow it to transpose efficiently or spontaneously and stop quickly thereafter.
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Energetic Manipulation of Chloroplast Protein Import and the Use of Chemical Cross-Linkers to Map ProteinProtein Interactions
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
Here, we describe the methods for capturing intermediates in the import process through the manipulation of the energy state of chloroplasts, and the use of two different chemical cross-linking approaches to examine the molecular interactions that mediate the import process and to assess the assembly state of the translocons.
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Platycladus orientalis.
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
The canopy of the young tree is minaret-shaped, the old tree is wide and round; the bark is thin, light brown, thinly sliced; the branches are sloping out; the branches are straight, flat, and free of white powder.
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Proteomics and Posttranslational Proteomics of Seed Dormancy and Germination
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
It is the object of intense genetic and genomic studies because processes related to seed quality affect crop yield and the seed itself provides food for humans and animals.
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In Planta Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Vacuum Infiltration
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
In planta Agrobacterium -mediated transformation using vacuum infiltration results in transgenicArabidopsis thaliana without the use of sterile conditions or plant regeneration.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens , carrying an appropriate plant transformation vector, is suspended in an infiltration medium that contains, at a minimum, sucrose and the surfactant Silwet L-77.
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Preparation of Native and Recombinant Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll-a/b Complex
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
Procedures to isolate native light-harvesting chlorophyll- a/b complex (LHCIIb) and to reconstitute recombinant LHCIIb are described.
Separation of trimeric from monomeric forms and free pigment by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation can be applied to both native and reconstituted complexes.
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Geminivirus: Biolistic Inoculation and Molecular Diagnosis
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
TheGeminiviridae family is a large family of plant viruses that has single-strandedDNA genomes and infects a large variety of crop species. In this chapter, we describe a biolistic inoculation prot
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Chloroplast Transformation
Time of Update: 2020-11-14
Furthermore, according to the chloroplast transformation achieved in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ), we introduce the preparation of explants, transformation methods, system selection, identification methods of the transplastomic plants, and experimental results.
The technical points, the bottleneck, and the further research directions of the chloroplast transformation are discussed in the notes.
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Trachycarpus Fortunei
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
single leaf plant outline, palm section.
Evergreen trees, with branched trunks, trunks with ring patterns.
Leaf clusters are born on dry tops, blades are fan-shaped, palm-shaped splits, cleavages are straight, with long leaf handles, leaf handles are hard, and leaves are cracked into fibrous shapes.
For the famous ornamental tree.
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Snow Lotus Saussurea involucrata
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
Head-shaped flower sequence 10 - 20 dense sperical born at the stem end, no terrier, lotus-like total sliver 3 - 4 layers, by white hair, flower crown purple.
application value: snow lotus as big as lotus, leaves as jade, flower sequence purple beautiful, with fragrance.
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Mass Measurement of Polyphosphoinositides by Thin-Layer and Gas Chromatography
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
The determination of phosphoinositide species is a particular challenge, because the structurally similar inositolphosphate-head groups must be analyzed as well as the lipid-associated fatty acids.
The method presented in this chapter consists of two steps: First phosphoinositides are separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) according to their characteristic head groups and the individual lipids are isolated.
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Profiling of Jasmonic Acid-Related Metabolites and Hormones in Wounded Leaves
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
Therefore, profiling of its precursors and metabolites is required to understand the mechanism by which the JA-Ile concentration is regulated.
Profiling of these hormones and their metabolites should give us insights into their interaction mode.
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Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Leaves and Glandular Trichomes of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil phenylpropenes are synthesized and accumulate in peltate glandular trichomes and their content and composition depend on plant developmental stage.
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Leveraging Model Legume Information to Find Candidate Genes for Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Using the Legume Information System
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
We demonstrate here how to use the Legume Information System for a comparative genomics study, leveraging genomic information fromMedicago truncatula (barrel medic), the model legume, to find candidate genes involved with sudden death syndrome ( SDS ) inGlycine max (soybean).
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Infrared Gas Analysis Technique for the Study of the Regulation of Photosynthetic Responses
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
In this chapter the basic protocols enabling the use of the IRGA technique to study signalling molecules, such as cyclic nucleotides on photosynthetic responses, are outlined.
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Virus-Induced Gene Silencing as a Tool to Identify Host Genes Affecting Viral Pathogenicity
Time of Update: 2020-11-13
The recently developed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach offers a rapid means to knock down expression of a given gene in plants.
Here, we describe genome-wide Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS screening methods to identify host factors involved in viral pathogenicity.
