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Soon after the introduction of the Southern blotting procedure (
1
), an analogous technique, known as northern blotting, was developed for the analysis of RNA sequences (
2
). Both procedures rely on the annealing (hybridization) of complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules under suitable conditions (
3
). Nucleic acids separated by size using agarose gel electrophoresis are transferred onto a solid support (membrane) and hybridized to complementary radiolabeled nucleic acid sequences. Whereas in Southern blotting experiments,
DNA
is transferred from a gel to a membrane and hybridized (
see
Chapter 13 , this volume), in northern blotting it is RNA that is fractionated, immobilized on a membrane, and hybridized to a probe.