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Basil (
Ocimum basilicum
L.) essential oil phenylpropenes are synthesized and accumulate in peltate glandular trichomes and their content and composition depend on plant developmental stage. Studies on gene expression and enzymatic activity indicate that the phenylpropene biosynthetic genes are developmentally regulated. In this study, the methylchavicol accumulation in basil leaves and the enzyme activities and gene expression of both chavicol
O
-methyltransferase (CVOMT) and eugenol
O
-methyltransferase (EOMT) were investigated in all leaves at four plant developmental stages. Methylchavicol accumulation decreased over time as leaves matured. There was a significant correlation between methylchavicol accumulation and CVOMT (
r2
= 0.88) enzyme activity, suggesting that the levels of biosynthetic enzymes control the essential oil content.
CVOMT
and
EOMT
transcript expression levels, which decreased with leaf age, followed the same pattern in both whole leaves and isolated glandular trichomes, providing evidence that
CVOMT
transcript levels are developmentally regulated in basil glandular trichomes themselves and that differences in
CVOMT
expression observed in whole leaves are not solely the result of differences in glandular trichome density.