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Forward Chemical Screening of Small RNA Pathways
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Forward genetic screens have led to the identification of many components in small RNA biogenesis and functional pathways.
Forward chemical screens can overcome these limitations by targeting multiple redundant proteins within a family and by giving the user temporal control of the application of the chemical.
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Cytogenetic Analyses of Arabidopsis
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Recently, the very small genome, the low content, and strong clustering of repetitive sequences even turned out to be advantageous for the first establishment of chromosome painting in a euploid plant.
Chromosome painting together with the high-resolution fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) mapping onArabidopsis pachytene chromosomes has opened new perspectives for plant cytogenetics.
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Relative Quantitation in Single-Cell Metabolomics by Laser Ablation Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Single-cell analysis of metabolites by mass spectrometry (MS) is challenging due to the very limited volume and inherent molecular complexity of the sample.
In this work, we describe a protocol for the relative quantitation of metabolites in single cells by LAESI-mass spectrometry.
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Spore-Derived Axenic Cultures of Ferns as a Method of Propagation
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
A method by which many fern species can be successfully grown from spores in axenic culture is described.
The method can be used for the production of mature sporophytes or to provide a controllable system for biosystematic studies of, or experimentation with, fern gametophytes ( 1 , 2 ).
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High-Pressure Freezing and Low-Temperature Processing of Plant Tissue Samples for Electron Microscopy
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Use of electron tomography methods improves image resolution of transmission electron microscopy especially in thez -direction, enabling determination of complicated 3D structures of organelles and cytoskeleton arrays.
Here we describe dissection, HPF, and FS methods that we have utilized to prepare plant samples for electron tomography/immuno-electron microscopy.
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Octagonal musk (star anise)
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Fresh peel oil 5-6%, fresh seed oil 1.7-2.7%, fresh leaf oil 0.75-0.9%, 80-90% of the ingredients for the anothole, the main production of China's Guangxi Longzhou mountain area, Guangdong, Taiwan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian has also been cultivated.
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Biological Control of Seedling Diseases
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Seedlings of economically important crop plants are attacked by various soilborne pathogenic fungi, such asPythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytopthora , and others, which cause either seed rot before germination or seedling rot after germination, resulting in billions of dollars in cumulative crop losses.
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Genetic Transformation of Wheat via Particle Bombardment
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
However, the process itself involves a range of parameters which are open to variation: microparticle type and size, gun settings (rupture pressure, target distance, vacuum drawn, etc.), preparation of components (e.g., gold coating), and preparation of plant tissues.
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Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.)
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Without callus formation and with minimum tissue culture, this procedure allowed us to obtain well-rooted transgenic plantlets in only 7 wk and greenhouse-grown plants in only 9 wk.
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High-Throughput Screening of Small-Molecule Libraries for Inducers of Plant Defense Responses
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings containing a pathogen-responsive reporter gene allow for convenient high-throughput screening of chemical libraries for compounds that induce plant defense responses.
Here, we provide a detailed high-throughput screening protocol for library compounds that activate a pathogen-responsive reporter gene in liquid-grown Arabidopsis seedlings.
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American Chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.]
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
We have also found that the more gently the somatic embryos are treated during the inoculation and co-cultivation steps, the higher the transformation efficiency.
The average transformation efficiency that can be expected using the described protocol is approx 20 stable and embryogenic transformation events/g of somatic embryo tissue.
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Screening for Bioactive Small Molecules by In Vivo Monitoring of Luciferase-Based Reporter Gene Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
We chose anArabidopsis line harboring the luciferase reporter under the control of the jasmonate-inducibleLOX2 promoter to screen for either activators or inhibitors of gene expression.
Thereby screening for small molecules affecting different signaling pathways and/or phenotypic responses is possible.
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Chromatin Beacons: Global Sampling of Chromatin Physical Properties Using Chromatin Charting Lines
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
To overcome this limitation in quantifying chromatin structural parameters at different locations in the genome, a Chromatin Charting collection with 277 transposon-taggedArabidopsis lines has been established in order to discover correlations between gene expression and the physical properties of chromatin loci within the nuclei.
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Protocol for Histone Modifications and ProteinDNA Binding Analyses in Arabidopsis
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Epigenetic gene regulation via histone modifications controls different processes ranging from embryonic development, vegetative development, floral induction, floral organ development, to pollen tube growth.
The identification of an increasing number of epigenetically regulated processes was greatly advanced by genome-wide histone modification and chromatin-protein interaction surveys.
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Characterization of the Plant Cell Wall Proteome Using High-Throughput Screens
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Plant cell wall proteins play essential roles in many important biological processes, and yet there is still not a comprehensive catalogue of the cell wall proteome, or “secretome”.
The approaches are orthogonal and collectively provide a powerful suite of approaches to complement more commonly used strategies to isolate plant cell wall-associated proteins.
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Protein Isolation and Second-Dimension Electrophoretic Separation
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Protocols for the proteome analysis ofArabidopsis tissues based on 2 D gel electrophoresis are given for leaves and roots as well as for seeds.
Our protocols allow the analysis of leaves, roots, or seeds from differentArabidopsis ecotypes, from mutants or from plants subjected to various environmental conditions.
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Essential Methods of Plant Sample Preparation for Light Microscopy
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Hereby we summarize some of the “classical” techniques to cut more voluminous objects into slices and access their inner structure either for simple anatomical analysis or for further processing (e.g., histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, enzyme histochemistry).
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Transformation of Oil Palm Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
The calli are transformed with anAgrobacterium strain, LBA4404, harboring the plasmid pUBA, which carries a selectable marker gene ( bar ) for resistance to the herbicide Basta and is driven by a maize ubiquitin promoter.
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Spreading and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of Male and Female Meiocyte Chromosomes from Arabidopsis thaliana for Cytogenetical Analysis
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Cytogenetic investigations are pivotal to meiotic studies and a number of technological improvements forArabidopsis cytology have provided a range of tools to investigate chromosome behavior during meiosis.
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"5G plus smart agriculture": Changzhou's first application demonstration base construction started
Time of Update: 2021-01-12
New Year's Eve, the town signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the District Agricultural and Rural Bureau and Jintan Branch of China Telecom Co., Ltd. to build Changzhou's first "5G plus smart agriculture" application demonstration base.
