The structural characteristics, effects and effects of lactobacillus cell membrane on micro-ecological preparations

Lactobacillus is a class of Gramey-positive bacteria that can ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid, and has been widely used in food and medicine and other related industries, is recognized as a food-grade safety productsWidely found in people, animals, poultry intestines, many food, materials and a small number of clinical drugsIt is widely classified in nature, including at least two genus, mainly: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacaria⁃terium, Streptococcus, Enteroc⁃cus, Lactococcus, etcAs an dominant flora in the intestine, Lactobacillus has the function of regulating the balance of gastrointestinal flora, maintaining micro-ecological balance and preventing infectious diseasesIts prebiotic effect smainly manifests itself in: by producing organic acid, lactic acid and other substances to regulate the intestinal pH, the production of bacteriogen inhibits the infection of foreign bacteria, and in the intestines can bind closely to the mucous membrane epithelial, forming a layer of biofilm, rejection of some pathogenic bacteria, but also can activate certain immune cells, thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of foreign strainsSecondly, the study shows that lactobacillus should first be successfully implanted in the intestines, and then through the cell membrane and the outside world for material exchange and energy transferAfter successful intestinal implantation, active metabolites such as butyric acid and bacteriobacteria can be producedAmong them, butyric acid can inhibit the activity of many mutant substances, and participate in the apoptosis and differentiation of cells, bacteriogen can inhibit the growth of ecoli, Staphylococcus aureus and other common pathogensLactobacillus can reduce intestinal permeability and inflammation, hinder the damage of harmful substances to intestinal barrier function, weaken apoptosis and autophagycell membrane is located in the outermost layer of the cell, is a natural highly selective barrier, not only involved in the exchange of matter between the cell and the external environment, in the physiological process of the cell also has a vital role, such as: as a signal communication, induced stimulation of cells, participate in cell adhesion, material transport, energy conversion and so onThe presence of cell membranes helps to maintain the steady state of cells, provides the basis for various physiological functions of cells, and membrane lipids also participate in certain stress functionsProvides choice permeability while acting as a biological barrier, which determines that the understanding of cell membranes is the basis of understanding the whole cell and even the bodyStudies have shown that cell selection varies from temperature to pHThrough the study of cell membrane, we can understand the growth metabolism and physiological state of Lactobacillus, and change the selectivity of the membrane by regulating the permeability of the cell membrane, so as to regulate cell metabolismAt the same time, some proteins, polysaccharides, lipophosphate and other substances located on the surface of Lactobacillus cell membrane play an important role in participating in adhesion plantation1, Lactobacillus cell membrane and its structural characteristics1.1 Lactobacillus cell membrane structurecell membrane is mainly composed of phospholipids, proteins and a small amount of sugar, and through hydrophobic bonds and hydrogen bonds to maintain the structure of phospholipid bimolecular layer, to form the basic structure of the cell membraneDepending on the function, these proteins can be divided into membrane transport proteins, receptor proteins, connecting proteins and enzymesThese proteins play the function of material transport and ion exchange, and can catalyze the occurrence of certain physiological and biochemical reactions, thereby improving the body's immune function and preventing the invasion of foreign germsLactobacillus lactobacillus is a Gram-positive bacteria, shaped in a rod shape, and a large amount of lactic acid is formed by using carbohydrates during fermentationLactobacillus has a class of surface proteins with a molecular weight of 25-71, the smallest of known surface proteinsThe isometric points are 9.35-10.4, all alkaline proteins, is a unique characteristic of LactobacillusIt is widely present in the intestines of animals and plants through the metabolism of sugars, mainly converted into lactic acid, widely used in meat, vegetables, fruits, beverages, milk and other food fermentation process and in the intestinal planting to play a role in the protection of food plays a key role, leading to the development of food taste and flavorLike most Gram-positive bacteria, lactobacillus cell membranes contain a large amount of glycopolymers and proteins, which are made up of phosphorus sillic acid, polysaccharides and proteins adorned around multilayer peptide polysaccharidesAmong the important functional components involved in Lactobacillus cell membrane include: peptide polysaccharides, phosphoric acid, polysaccharides, proteins and so onAs the benefits of Lactobacillus production should be effective, people are increasingly aware that the structure and properties of their cell membranes are an important part of the development of technology and health applications1.2 Lactobacillus cell membranethrough the analysis of Lactobacillus cell membrane in the detection control of peptide polyglycosac-related enzyme activity and bacterial self-soluble molecular mechanism, cell membrane protein anchoring on the surface of bacteria, phage on the target bacterial surface adsorption and probiotics and bacteria interactionStudies have shown that lipophosphate and peptide polysaccharides in lactobacillus cell membranes are involved in the cell adhesion process, and SlpA in surface proteins can be involved in intestinal implantation with fibrous-linked proteinsLactobacillus lactobacillus in the intestinal tract after successful implantation to produce various digestive enzymes to promote the absorption of nutrients, and can enhance peripheral blood, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes activity, enhance cell immunity and somatic immunity and other functions2, affecting lactobacillus cell membrane action factors 2.1 pressure under high-intensity pressure, the main damage to the cell is the cell membrane, increase the permeability of cells and even lead to cell death The main principle of pressure on cells to increase the permeability of cell membranes is that the cell under certain pressure will make the cell membrane phospholipid molecule cross-cutting area narrow, the double-layer structure thus shrinks, the cell membrane permeability increases Most studies have suggested that ultra-high-pressure destruction of cell membranes is the leading cause of microbial death Studies have been conducted on the influence of lactic acid cell membrane lipotic acid composition under high-pressure homogenization (HPH), which is conducive to understanding the cell membrane activation reaction mechanism, and high-pressure homogenization treatment at sublethal levels can increase some important functions and technical characteristics of non-intestinal probiotic strains The salt tolerance, sugar degradation rate and enzyme activity of plant Lactobacillus lactic acid bacteria under high pressure were treated with high-pressure CO2 treatment and its physiological state was detected It can be seen that with the increase of pressure, the cell membrane permeability slowly becomes larger, after reaching a certain degree of cell inactivation 2.2 freeze drying freeze drying is an easy way to preserve probiotics By reducing water activity below 0.2, it can be stored for long periods of time and distributed at low cost at super-Platzlo temperatures, while minimizing survivability and functional loss Through the change of cell membrane permeability, we can understand the damage mechanism of freeze drying to Lactobacillus and probiotics Castro's study found that after lactation in Bulgaria, intracellular ion imbalance, changes in the concentration of Na plus and K plus, indicating greater cell membrane permeability and cell damage The survival rate of Lactobacillus lactic acid cells before and after freeze-drying decreased coagulation time was extended, the pH of the acidometer was not changed much, the activity of metabolic enzymes was reduced, and the concentration of Lactobacillus Lactobacillus Ca2 plus increased after the fluorescent probe was measured after freeze-dried, indicating an increase in cell membrane permeability Studies have used fluorescent probes (cFDA and PI) to quickly assess the survivability of cheese lactobacillus after freezing and freeze-drying, and the protection effect of four different cryogenic protectors was measured by this method The results show that cryogenic protective agents have a positive effect on improving cell vitality The loss of vitality in the process of freeze-dried bacteria was compared, and it was found that the permeability of the cell membrane increased significantly before and after freeze-dried 3, lactobacillus cell membrane on the influence of micro-ecological preparations micro-ecological agents refer to the ability to promote normal microbial growth and reproduction to strengthen the barrier function of intestinal microorganisms, to prevent harmful bacteria infection of micro-ecological products As a commonly used syphilis of micro-ecological preparation, Lactobacillus is of great significance for improving the balance of intestinal flora in animals, as well as preventing and treating diseases However, it has unstable factors in high temperature environment such as stomach acid and bile salt, which affect the benefits of its play in the intestines of animals 3.1 Lactobacillus micro-ecological preparation samply formulation the application of Lactobacillus micro-ecological preparation is very widely used, in livestock and poultry production, there are studies using lactic acid bacteria preparations to prevent and control yak diarrhea, the results show that lactic acid bacteria for yak diarrhea rate decreased by 2 times compared with the control group, found that only oral oral these purified lactobacaemia is sufficient to suppress the two models of breast cancer characteristics And in clinical medicine has been shown in mice with lactobacillus can reduce chronic inflammation and reduce the occurrence of gastrointestinal malignancies and cancers Therefore, the research on lactobacillus micro-ecological agents has been widely used in medicine, biology, feed and other fields 3.2 Lactobacillus cell membrane in the growth and reproduction of the impact Lactobacillus micro-ecological preparations by a variety of environmental factors, to micro-ecological preparations to play the role of intestinal implantation, generally require micro-ecological preparations of the number of live bacteria to reach 107CFU / ml, when the cell membrane permeability increased to a certain extent, can quickly absorb the surrounding environment in their own required substances, so as to improve yield By regulating the permeability of the cell membrane and increasing the absorption of nutrients, it can help to increase the number of lactobacillus, and thus improve the utilization rate of micro-ecological preparations 3.3 Lactobacillus cell membrane on the cryopreservation of micro-ecological preparations in recent years, the study of lactic acid bacteria preparations more and more in-depth, mainly using freeze-dried technology, micro-capsule technology, biofermentation technology to make different kinds of lactic acid preparations Among them, lactobacillus lactobacillus in the process of cryopreservation will cause certain damage, mainly mechanical damage, solute damage, protein denaturation, pH balance damage, these damage will affect the growth and reproduction of Lactobacillus, reduce activity Through the comparison of cell membrane permeability before and after the freeze-dried cell membrane, it is found that the cell membrane permeability increased significantly after freeze-dried, so that the decrease of cell activity in the cryopreservation process is related to the increase of cell membrane permeability Therefore, by regulating the permeability of the cell membrane can alleviate the damage caused by cryopreservation to Lactobacillus, so that the species can be stablely preserved, so that in the micro-ecological preparation production project, reduce the freeze-dried damage to Lactobacillus, is of great significance to improve the rate of action 3.4 Lactobacillus cell membrane on the intestinal implantation Lactobacillus in the intestinal implantation is the basis for a series of physiological functions The premise of micro-ecological agents working in the intestines is also successful implantation in the intestines There are many factors affecting the intestinal implantation of Lactobacillus lactobacillus, and there are a large number of substances involved in intestinal implantation on the outer surface of the membrane Liphosphosphoric acid is a polymer binding polymer with The Characteristic Membrane of Lactobacillus, as an important component of cell wall Some studies have found that the absence of alanine residue serotonin in Thephaphos dysphoria significantly affected the formation of biofilms in the gastrointestinal tract of mice Thus, Lactobacillus lactobacillus implantation capacity in the intestines is reduced, reducing the utilization rate of micro-ecological agents in the intestines of animals However, Lactobacillus micro-ecological agent intestinal implantation can play a series of functions 4, summary Lactobacillus as a non-toxic, harmless, non-residual, non-polluting micro-ecological preparation, with the advantages of maintaining the balance of the microbial system of animal digestive tract, enhancing the resistance of livestock and poultry and improving animal production performance, and so on, can be used as an ideal antibiotic alternative in green livestock and poultry breeding However, it is susceptible to various environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, etc will inhibit the growth of Lactobacillus In order to better play the prebiotic effect of Lactobacillus, more and more studies have focused on improving the self-growth metabolism of Lactobacillus By regulating cell membrane permeability, nutrients are allowed to enter the cell and metabolites are excluded from the body, thus enhancing the speed of cell exchange with the outside world And through physical and chemical analysis of the protein substances on the membrane, the efficient use of therefore regulating cell membrane permeability can be used as an important method to enhance the growth and reproduction of Lactobacillus lactobacillus Specific can be manifested in improving Lactobacillus itself synthetic substances, such as the impact of intestinal plant protein, through the influence of cell membrane permeability excreted out of the cell, thereby strengthening the intestinal implantation function, so that Lactobacillus more efficient play a series of probiotic effects are of great significance However, how to convert the specific function of Lactobacillus lactobacillus cell membrane between probiotics is a major difficulty in the work, and it is necessary to study lactobacillus cell membrane in more depth At the same time, through the detection and monitoring of cell membranes, we can understand the growth state of Lactobacillus, and explore the mechanism of Lactobacillus lactobacillus, which is of great significance for the study of Lactobacillus micro-ecological preparations Source: Micro-