The oil and gas industry is developing steadily

Daqing oilfield drilling rigs roared, and the annual oil and gas equivalent continued to remain above 40 million tons; Shengli Oilfield Jiyang shale oil exploration breakthrough in multiple points, the first batch of predicted reserves of 458 million tons; Tarim Oilfield overcame difficulties, found 1 billion tons of ultra-deep oil and gas area.
.
.
In 2021, China's oil and gas industry handed over a report card on gas improvement, crude oil production stabilized and rebounded for 3 consecutive years, and natural gas production increased by more than 10 billion cubic meters
for 5 consecutive years.

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, from the vast northeast plains to the vast Yellow River Delta to the vast Taklamakan Desert, behind the increase in reserves and production is the relay struggle of the oil people "I offer oil for the motherland", the tenacious struggle of "no conditions to create conditions and go up", facing the wind and snow, fighting the wind and sand, erecting a derrick, beating the well, so that "the rice bowl of energy must be in their own hands.
"

Find oil from a gap that is only 1/500 of a hair diameter and achieve a new breakthrough in the exploration of unconventional petroleum resources

"Let's think about what are the differences in the parameters of different oil reservoirs and what the impact on
the output.
" In a laboratory of the Daqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, Zhang Jinyou, manager of the project management department of unconventional petroleum research and deployment, had a heated discussion
with the team.

Reserves are the foundation
of the field.
Daqing Oilfield has achieved high and stable production of more than 50 million tons for 27 consecutive years, but after the peak, where can the oil come from? People are looking at unconventional oil
.

The unconventional oil in Daqing Oilfield belongs to the continental mud level unconventional oil, the clay mineral content is as high as 35%, the rock porosity is low, the permeability is poor, and it has been considered by foreign geologists that it is basically impossible to store oil
.

Since the end of 2018, Zhang Jinyou seems to have taken root
in a core library with a temperature of less than zero degrees Celsius.
Zhang Jinyou and colleagues moved hundreds of kilograms of rock cores from the warehouse shelf, and then used a brush dipped in cold water to clean carefully, crouching to observe the sedimentary texture and crack characteristics of the core, "the water droplets on the core, if the oil content is high, it will appear like water droplets
.
" ”

After analyzing nearly 5,000 meters of core and more than 3,000 microscopic sample photos, the record book describing the characteristics of the core was more than half a meter thick, and Zhang Jinyou and his team finally found oil
in a gap that was only 1/500 of a hair diameter wide.

The drilling cycle is shortened by about 87%, conquering the "Aoyamaguchi Formation" with extremely complex geological structures and easy collapse and leakage.

After finding the oil, it also faces difficulties in oil recovery
.
In the unconventional petroleum test area of Daqing Oilfield, the 60-meter-high derrick stands majestically, and the flag with the words "Steel 1205 Team" flutters
in the wind.

This "Iron Man" Wang Jinxi once led the team for nearly 70 years, which is the 2490th well they have drilled, and the cumulative progress has exceeded 3.
19 million meters, which is about the height of
360 Mount Everest.
"A few months ago, we set a new record for the drilling cycle, which was shortened by about 87%
from the first 113 days to 13.
77 days.
" Zhang Jing, the twenty-first captain, said proudly
.

The biggest challenge facing Team 1205 in extracting unconventional oil is the complex geology
of the "Aoyamaguchi Formation".
"The geological structure of the 'Qingshankou Formation' formation is extremely complex, easy to collapse and easy to leak
.
In particular, drilling a horizontal well, like taking a straw across a mille-feuille shortbread, the speed is too slow, and the mud may collapse the wall of the well; But when the strength is great, the shortbread will have to fall off the slag or even crack, which is equivalent to the loss of the
well wall.
Zhang Jing explained
for example.
Previously, 4 drilling teams had broken down here, and one well was almost destroyed
.

Sure enough, once the well was drilled to 3460 meters, and there were continuous drops and jams, and the drill bit was like a car stuck in a mud pit, and it was a dilemma
.
Zhang Jing decided to change the original mud design, increase the barite powder used for pressing the well, increase the specific gravity, and support the well wall
.
But how much is it? Everyone has no bottom
in their hearts.

"We only raise the specific gravity of 0.
01 at a time, which is like adding only one grain of rice at a time in a pot of porridge, and shortening the time to measure the performance of the mud from once every hour to once every half an hour
.
" After continuous attempts, Zhang Jing and his teammates finally found the best proportion and successfully stabilized the formation
.

Unlike the black-brown crude oil produced by conventional blocks, the unconventional oil in the Daqing Oilfield is pale yellow
.
"This kind of petroleum oil is good and has a high content of light hydrocarbons, which is conducive to the deep processing and utilization of
the downstream petrochemical industry.
" Zhang Jing said
.

Chemical oil repellent and "wash" the oil out of the corners of the formation; Carbon dioxide floods oil and significantly improves oil recovery

A computer, stacks of half-meter-high academic materials, a desk calendar full of work plans, almost filled the desk
of Cao Xulong, a senior expert in oil and gas development.
Cao Xulong, 58, has been rooted in the Shengli oil field for nearly 40 years
.
He leads the team to innovate and develop chemical flooding technology, focusing on challenging the limits
of oil recovery in complex reservoirs.

After two stages: ground pressure "top" oil and water injection "expellation" oil, Shengli Oilfield has entered a period of extremely high water cut, and the comprehensive water content is as high as 92%.

In other words, less than 10 tons of oil in 100 tons
of produced liquid.
Chemical flooding oil can "wash" out
the oil in the corners of the formation by adding chemicals to the water, like washing powder.

In 2017, at the 22nd World Petroleum Conference, Cao Xulong introduced to foreign counterparts that the heterogeneous composite flooding technology of Shengli Oilfield can make the oil recovery of individual blocks exceed the limit
of 60%.
After the speech, Cao Xulong was surrounded by his peers to consult technical issues
.

"In the 1980s, after more than two years of field research, foreign companies concluded that 'chemical oil flooding in Shengli Oilfield is not feasible'
.
But this turned out not to be the case
.
For the development of domestic chemical flooding technology in recent years, Cao Xulong felt very deeply, "In the past, he could only run with him, and now he can run and even lead, and more sleeping underground oil reserves are 'awakened'
.
"

Today, the annual oil production of chemical flooding accounts for 12% of the total annual output of Shengli Oilfield, and the applied chemical flooding technology has covered 500 million tons of geological reserves, with a cumulative oil production of more than 69 million tons and an increase of more than 32 million tons
.

At the Shengli Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, Zhang Chuanbao, the manager of the gas flooding laboratory, has been dealing with carbon dioxide for more than 10 years
.
Today, his and his team's research has been applied to the Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) project
in Shengli Oilfield.

"Pumping collected carbon dioxide into wells can increase crude oil fluidity and significantly increase oil recovery
.
" Zhang Chuanbao introduced that the efficiency of carbon dioxide oil flooding is 40% higher than that of water flooding, the primary storage rate can reach 60% to 70%, and the final storage rate can reach 100%, which can not only improve oil production but also reduce carbon dioxide emissions, with both ecological and economic benefits
.

This year, China's first million-ton CCUS project "Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS Project" was fully completed
.
The project can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1 million tons per year, and it is expected to increase oil by nearly 3 million tons
in the next 15 years.
"Continue to improve the technology, the future of green and low-carbon transformation of oilfields can be expected
.
" Zhang Chuanbao was confident
.