The clinical data of several new crown vaccines have revealed why the Immune Response of T cells has become a hot topic.

Yesterday, CanSino Biologics/China Academy of Engineering's Chen Wei academician team, Oxford University/AstraZeneca, and Pfizer/BioNTech all announced the latest results of their new vaccine development stakes.
these published clinical trial results, in addition to neutralizing antibodies against the new coronavirus antigen, all three research teams published the results of the vaccine-induced T-cell immune response.
mentioned the immune response to the new coronavirus, we heard more about antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against the new coronavirus.
these antibodies are commonly used as a measure of vaccine immunogenicity in previously published animal experimental studies and Phase 1 clinical trials.
testing antibodies in humans against the new coronavirus is also the basic principle of serological testing.
however, the vaccine-induced T-cell immune response is less mentioned.
, what is the T-cell immune response? What is the effect of CD8-positive T-cell reactions mentioned in clinical trials? What is the difference between the immune response of Th1 and Th2? What role do they play in preventing new coronavirus infections? Today, the drug-based Content Team will combine public information on the immune responses of vaccine-produced antibodies and T-cells and their role in improving the body's ability to protect against future infections. The purpose of the preventive vaccine, which
the drug Mingcon content team mapping antibody immunoreaction (body fluid immunoresponse), is designed to quickly control the replication of pathogens or cause toxic component inactivation by stimulating cellular or molecular-based effect mechanisms.
and the body's immune response itself contains a variety of effect mechanisms.
, antibodies produced by B lymphocytes can specifically bind toxins or antigens produced by pathogens to help remove out-of-cell pathogens.
this immune response is often referred to as the body fluid immunity.
antibodies can prevent and weaken pathogen infections by binding to the enzyme-active sites of pathogen toxins, or preventing their spread.
prevents viruses from binding and entering cells, thereby neutralizing the replication of the virus (which is currently used by a number of antibodies combined with the neo-coronavirus stingprotein).
enhancethed phagocytosis and neutrophils' phagocytosis of pathogens.
activate the complement cascade reaction system.
T-cell immune response is equally important in addition to the body fluid immune response. The immune response of
T cells can be divided into two main categories, including CD8-positive T-cell reaction and CD4-positive T-cell reaction.
CD8-positive T cells do not prevent infection, but they can help weaken, control and remove pathogens in cells.
its role includes directly killing infected cells.
indirectly killinfected cells by releasing antibacterial cytokines.
and CD4-positive T-cells can not prevent infection, but they can help in a variety of ways to remove out-of-cell and intracellular pathogens, CD4-positive T cells include a variety of subtypes, their functions include: follo-assisted T-cells (follerifi-cells, Tfh) mainly produce interleukin-21 (IL-21), its role is to help B cells produce antibodies.
auxiliary T cells 1 (Th1) are capable of producing interferon-xenon, tumor necrosis factors (TNF), IL-2 and other cytokines.
their main role is to protect against intracellular pathogens, including viruses and mycobacterium tuberculosis.
auxiliary T cells 2 (Th2) are mainly produced il-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which protect sepsis pathogens, including bacteria.
the significance of antibody immune response and T-cell immune response in protecting against new coronavirus infection, what is the significance of understanding the different ways of immune response of the human body and the immune response of T-cells to develop a vaccine to prevent new coronavirus infection? When discussing a new coronavirus vaccine, we often ask whether it works. What is an "effective" vaccine? Effective definitions are closely related to antibody immune responses and T-cell immune responses.
an "effective" definition known as stericion immunity, an immune state that makes vaccinated patients or animals completely immune to the virus, shows no symptoms of the disease, and the virus does not survive and spread in the body.
this is an ideal target for a vaccine that needs a vaccine that stimulates high levels of specific antibody immune response, producing enough antibodies to eliminate the virus before it infects cells.
another "effective" definition is that the immune response triggered by the vaccine, while not sufficient to completely prevent viral infections of cells, can be quickly eliminated after the virus infects the cells, greatly reducing the symptoms of the disease in the vaccinated population.
the antibody immune response that the vaccine stimulates may not be very high, but the combination of the antibody immune response and the T-cell immune response can quickly kill infected cells and viruses within the cell.
released the latest clinical results yesterday, in addition to the new coronavirus vaccine in the stimulation of antibody response, the CD8-positive T cell immune response.
Pfizer/BioNTech's clinical trial report also describes a specific CD4-positive T-cell immune response.
given the important role of CD8-positive T cells in the elimination of infected cells and intracellular viruses, and the role of CD4-positive T cells in assisting B-cell maturation and CD8-positive T-cell function.
the ability to stimulate the immune response of T-cells against the new coronavirus is a good sign for controlling the severity of the disease.
existing scientific studies have shown that some asymptomatic COVID-19 infections do not have an obvious antibody immune response, but there are memory T cells in the body for the new coronavirus.
true, the levels of neutralizing antibodies detected in the current clinical trial results and the levels of Immune Response of T-cells are not yet equal to the protection of the new coronavirus infection.
we still need large clinical trials to verify the ability of these vaccines to protect people from new coronavirus infections or to reduce symptoms in patients with COVID-19.
we look forward to early good news for the new coronavirus in phase 3 clinical trials.
References: 1. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from
T cells ford in COVID-19 patients 'bode well' for long-term immunity. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from
T helper cell. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from #Th1/Th2_model.