The clinical data of several new crown vaccines have revealed why the Immune Response of T cells has become a hot topic.

When it comes to the immune response to the new coronavirus, we hear more about antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against the new coronavirusthese antibodies are commonly used as a measure of vaccine immunogenicity in previously published animal experimental studies and Phase 1 clinical trialstesting antibodies in humans against the new coronavirus is also the basic principle of serological testinghowever, the vaccine-induced T-cell immune response is less mentionedSo, what is the T-cell immune response? What is the effect of CD8-positive T-cell reactions mentioned in clinical trials? What is the difference between the immune response of Th1 and Th2? What role do they play in preventing new coronavirus infections? Today, the drug-based Content Team will combine public information on the immune responses of vaccine-produced antibodies and T-cells and their role in improving the body's ability to protect against future infectionsthe drug Mingkant Content Team Mapping Antibody Immune Response (Body Liquid Immune Response) Preventive vaccines aim to quickly control the replication of pathogens by stimulating cell- or molecular-based effect mechanisms, or to inactivate toxic componentsand the body's immune response itself contains a variety of effect mechanisms, antibodies produced by B lymphocytes can specifically bind toxins or antigens produced by pathogens to help remove out-of-cell pathogensthis immune response is often referred to as the body fluid immunityantibodies to prevent and weaken pathogen infections include: binding to the enzyme-active sites of pathogen toxins, or preventing their spreadprevents viruses from binding and entering cells, thereby neutralizing the replication of the virus (which is currently available in a number of antibodies combined with the neo-coronavirus stingprotein)enhancethed phagocytosis and neutrophils' phagocytosis of pathogensactivate the complement cascade reaction systemT-cell immune response is equally important in addition to the body fluid immune response, the vaccine-activated T-cell immune responseThe immune response ofT cells can be divided into two main categories, including CD8-positive T-cell reaction and CD4-positive T-cell reactionCD8-positive T cells do not prevent infection, but they can help weaken, control and remove pathogens in cells its role includes: directly killing infected cells indirectly killinfected cells by releasing antibacterial cytokines and CD4-positive T-cells can not prevent infection, but they can help in a variety of ways to help remove out-of-cell and intracellular pathogens, CD4-positive T cells include a variety of subtypes, their functions include: follo-assisted T-cells (follerifi-cells, Tfh) mainly produce interleukin-21 (IL-21), its role is to help B cells produce antibodies auxiliary T cells 1 (Th1) are capable of producing interferon-cytokines, tumor necrosis factors (TNF), IL-2 and other cytokines their main role is to protect against intracellular pathogens, including viruses and mycobacterium tuberculosis auxiliary T cells 2 (Th2) are mainly produced il-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which protect sepsis pathogens, including bacteria t-cell immune response diagram (Photo: References) The significance of antibody immune response and T-cell immune response in protecting against new coronavirus infection So what is the significance of understanding the differences in the body's antibody immune response and The way T-cell immune response is effective in developing a vaccine to prevent the new coronavirus infection? When discussing a new coronavirus vaccine, we often ask whether it works What is an "effective" vaccine? Effective definitions are closely related to antibody immune responses and T-cell immune responses an "effective" definition known as stericion immunity, an immune state that makes vaccinated patients or animals completely immune to the virus, shows no symptoms of the disease, and the virus does not survive and spread in the body this is an ideal target for a vaccine that needs a vaccine that stimulates high levels of specific antibody immune response, producing enough antibodies to eliminate the virus before it infects cells another "effective" definition is that the immune response triggered by the vaccine, while not sufficient to completely prevent viral infections of cells, can be quickly eliminated after the virus infection of cells, greatly reducing the symptoms of disease in the vaccinated population the antibody immune response that the vaccine stimulates may not be very high, but the combination of the antibody immune response and the T-cell immune response can quickly kill infected cells and viruses within the cell released the latest clinical results yesterday, in addition to the new coronavirus vaccine, which stimulates the neutralizing antibody response, triggering the CD8-positive T-cell immune response Pfizer/BioNTech's clinical trial report also describes a specific CD4-positive T-cell immune response given the important role of CD8-positive T cells in the elimination of infected cells and intracellular viruses, and the role of CD4-positive T cells in assisting B-cell maturation and CD8-positive T-cell function the ability to stimulate the immune response of T-cells against the new coronavirus is a good sign for controlling the severity of the disease existing scientific studies have shown that some asymptomatic COVID-19 infections do not have an obvious antibody immune response, but there are memory T cells in the body for the new coronavirus true, the levels of neutralizing antibodies detected in the current clinical trial results and the levels of Immune Response of T-cells are not yet comparable to the protection of the new coronavirus infection we still need large clinical trials to verify the ability of these vaccines to protect people from new coronavirus infections or to reduce symptoms in patients with COVID-19 we look forward to early good news for the new coronavirus in phase 3 clinical trials References: s1 Vaccine Immunology Retrieved Jul 21, 2020, from the t-cells for-the-coVID-19 patients 'patientwell bode' for long-term i Retrieved Jul 21, 2020, from .3 Retrieved July 21, 2020, from #Th1/Th2_model.