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Bioluminescence is the product of two distinct enzymes, firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase. The application of the firefly enzyme in the study of mycobacteria has been described by other groups (
1
,
2
) (
see
Chapter 31 ). The bacterial-luciferase enzyme is a drmer of approx 80 kDa, consisting of an α- and β-subunit (
3
,
4
). It catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (>7 carbons) and reduced riboflavin, generating blue-green light (λ = 490 nm) in the process. The reaction can be written as follows: FMNH
2
+ RCHO + O
2
→ FMN + H
2
O + RCOOH + Light