Scientists have made new progress in the field of cancer metastasis

Doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2020.10.004 About 200,000 cancer patients are diagnosed with brain metastasis each year, but treatment options are scarce because the mechanism by which cancer spreads to the brain remains unclear.
Now, in a new study, Dr. Suyun Huang, a scientist at Virginia Commonwealth University's Macy's Cancer Center, and his team offer hope for future development of new therapies by showing how a little-known gene called YTHDF3 can play an important role in this process.
findings were recently published in the journal Lancer Cell.
, the researchers are known for modeling the spread of cancer to the brain.
study, Huang's team found that increased expression of YTHDF3 was associated with brain metastasis and poor survival outcomes in breast cancer patients.
also confirmed that the gene is required for multiple steps in the brain transfer process.
, "This study may provide a marker to help doctors diagnose brain transfer earlier, while also providing a target for the development of new drugs to prevent and treat brain transfer," Huang said.
" Huang team found an increase in the number of copies of the YTHDF3 gene in breast cancer brain metastatic tumors compared to primary breast tumors.
of a gene refers to the number of times it appears in the genome.
number of copies of YTHDF3 in the DNA of metastasis tumors suggests that mutations occur as cancer cells replicate and spread.
: New gene therapy may be expected to target the spread of colon cancer and kill cancer cells doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.011 In a recent study published in the international journal Gastroenterology, Scientists from the South Australian Institute of Health and Medical Research and others have analysed whether gene therapy can help treat patients with metastatic bowel cancer; like most cancers, the intestines are surrounded by a variety of normal cells that support cancer growth, and researchers are now studying why some of these supportive cells (fibroblasts) help cancer grow, while others actively block cancer growth. 'In bowel cancer, we all know that patients with the worst prognosis tend to have many fibroblasts that promote or support tumor growth; bad fibroblasts promote abnormal growth of tumor cells, while good fibroblasts slow tumor growth and reduce tumor spread,' said Susan Woods, a researcher at
.
3 PRSB: New Discoveries! Cancer cells may be able to spread more efficiently to their surroundings! Doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2523 In a recent study published in the international journal Proceedings of The Royal Society B, scientists from institutions such as the University of Reading found that cancer cells can spread by turning on or off the ability to perceive their surroundings, move, hide and grow new tumors.
sensitivity to the surrounding environment is a key ability to make a small number of cancer cells spread better than other cancer cells in the tumor. In the
article, researchers developed a new method that combines evolutionary biology with artificial intelligence to study the movement and shape of cancer cells in more detail than ever before, explaining why some cancer cells can move more easily to other parts of the body and create new tumor tissue.
researchers say some cells are able to show a clear sense and ability to react to their surroundings, which researchers previously thought was missing from cancer, meaning that cancer cells can better multiply in other parts of the body by adjusting their shape to more effectively bypass barriers such as vascular walls or other competing cells.
: How can scientists analyze lymph nodes to help cancer cells spread? Doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2623-z For decades, clinicians have been well aware that many types of cancer cells spread to the lymph nodes before they spread through the blood to distant organs. In the
article, the researchers found that melanoma cells that pass through the lymph nodes are covered with a protective film that allows them to survive high levels of oxidative stress in the blood and form distant tumor tissue, which can spread to many cancer patients when the cancer begins to spread to other parts of the body, and when cancer cells at the primary tumor site spread through blood vessels or through the lymphatic tubes before entering the bloodstream. Dr. Sean Morrison, a researcher at
, said the researchers had previously focused on how cancer cells metaste through the blood, but had rarely studied the differences between cancer cells metastasis through blood and cancer cells metastasis through lymph nodes, and the results of this study showed that the survival and spread of melanoma cells could be facilitated by metastasis of lymph nodes or by providing protection against oxidative stress on melanoma cells during metastasis.
researchers revealed changes in the behavior of these melanoma cells when they were injected intravenously or into the lymphatic system in mice, and found that cancer cells injected directly into the lymph nodes survived better and were more likely to form tumors than melanoma cells injected directly into the body's blood in mice.
: Revealing the molecular mechanisms of special cell proteins to control the spread of cancer doi:10.1074/jbc. RA120.014464 Scientists from institutions such as McGill University have found or can help understand key biochemic processes that can help understand the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in a study published in the international journal Journal of Biological Chemistry. In the
paper, the researchers analyzed the behavior of key enzymes involved in the spread of cancer cells, noting that there may be a more refined interaction between an enzyme called PRL3 and another protein that moves magnesium ions inside and outside the cell, which is essential for the growth of colorectal cancer.
researcher Dr Kalle Gehring said the enzymes first appeared in liver cells that are activated to open up cell growth, so they may be able to act as growth signals; the PRL3 protein is thought to act as a special enzyme that controls cancer cells, while researchers have found that a mutation that promotes the absence of PRL3 activity may remain In this study, researchers found that the second activity of prL3 enzyme, the control of magnesium ion transport proteins, which guide the spread of cancer cells in other parts of the body, does not appear to catalytic activity, but is closely integrated with magnesium ion transport proteins and has the same carcinogenic properties as wild proteins.
: Chinese scientists have developed a new deep learning technique that promises to successfully predict hidden peritometrial metastasis in patients with stomach cancer! doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.32269 Stomach cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancies that often occur in most patients with advanced stomach cancer, which is considered an invasive cancer and often has a poor prognosis.
patients with peritina metastasis for stomach cancer are generally not suitable for root-and-drug surgery, thousands of tests and diagnosis of peritina metastasis are key to determining treatment strategies and avoiding unnecessary surgery.
, scientists from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and others report in the international journal JAMA Network Open, entitled "Noninvasive Prediction of Occult Peritoneal Metastasis in Gastric Using Deep Learning" Research has developed a deep learning technique to help predict hidden peritioral metastasis in patients with stomach cancer, and in this article, researchers offer a new and non-invasive way to diagnose gastric cancer patients, with results expected to help develop individualized surgical treatments for gastric cancer patients.
: Nat Med: Breakthrough! Scientists reveal why cancer patients with liver metastasis have poor prognostics! Doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1131-x In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Medicine, scientists from institutions such as the University of Michigan explained why patients with cancer spread to the liver tend to have poor prognosis.
researchers point out that when cancer patients' cancer cells spread to the liver, their condition tends to be worse than cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, and that transformative immunotherapy tends to treat these patients less effectively. In the
study, researchers uncovered the reasons and a possible solution, finding that tumors in the liver may "siphon" critical immune cells and make immunotherapy ineffective, but combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy in the liver in mice or restoring the function of these immune cells and producing better therapeutic results.
researcher Michael Green says cancer liver metastasis patients may have little benefit from immunotherapy, but immunotherapy has now changed the treatment strategies for multiple cancers; this study suggests that we may be able to use radiotherapy to reverse this tolerance, which may have a real impact on the prognostication of treatment.
: Nat Commun: Special regulatory RNAs may promote breast cancer metastasis! doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20207-y A recent study published in the international journal Nature Communications entitled "MaTAR25 lncRNA regulates the Tensin1 gene to breast impact cancer progression" In the report, scientists from cold spring harbor laboratories and others found that a gene-regulated RNA fragment could promote the spread of multiple breast cancers; in animal models, researchers may be able to inhibit the growth of metastatic tumors using a specific molecule that targets RNA and induces its destruction, and the same strategy may be used to help develop new breast cancer therapies.
as early as 2016, researcher Spector and colleagues found that breast cancer cells may have a wide range of RNA molecules, all long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), that do not encode proteins, but In this study, researchers revealed how one of these lncRNA molecules, called Mammary Tumor-Associated RNA 25, a breast tumor-related RNA 25, affects the behavior of breast cancer cells in mice.
9 Nature: Heavy! Scientists have successfully mapped the metastasis of human cancer cell lines! Doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2969-2 In a recent study published in the international journal Nature entitled "A metastasis map of human cancer cell lines", scientists from the Broad Institute and other institutions in the United States have successfully mapped the metastasis of human cancer cell lines, and the results may help clarify the metastasis of cancer and develop new treatments for cancer.
of cancer-related deaths can be explained by cancer metastasis, but large-scale cancer metastasis studies have been impractical due to the complex nature of in vivo models. In the
study, researchers introduced an in vivo bar code strategy that can determine the metastasis potential of human cancer cell lines in mouse foreign transplants on a large scale, confirming the stability, scalability and repeatability of the new method and applying it to 500 cell lines from 21 different types of solid tumors.
:Scientists have successfully revealed the origin of cancer cell metastasis and the new molecular mechanism doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108372 Before designing effective treatments, researchers must understand the specific effects of anticancer substances on cells or cell types that induce cancer metastasis in large tumor heterogenescies, according to an international journal. In the study, scientists from institutions such as the University of Geneva in Switzerland linked transcriptional groups to single-cell metastases in colon cancer tumors using techniques called spiked-scRNAseq, identifying the importance of a gene called VSIG1 in cell-to-cell interactions, a gene that effectively inhibits cancer metastasis, and research that could potentially help scientists develop new treatments for cancer, while researchers have also confirmed that the new technology can detect cancer metastasis. Includes some individualized anti-cancer drugs, etc.
, many cancer treatments often do not fight cancer cell metastasis well, and new treatments have actually been developed