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Iron is an essential mineral nutrient element for almost all living organisms.
Just as animals obtain iron from food, plant pathogens also need to obtain iron from host plants for their own growth and reproduction.
However, little is known about the mechanism by which pathogens obtain iron in plant hosts.
Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) is a model strain for studying the interaction between the host and the microorganism.
It can use its three-type secretion system to secrete a variety of effector proteins into plant cells to promote the infection of the pathogen.
However, the function of most bacterial effector proteins is not fully understood.
On March 5th, Liu Jun’s research group from the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published an online research paper entitled Bacterial effector targeting of a plant iron sensor facilitates iron acquisition and pathogen colonization in the international journal The Plant Cell, revealing a bacterial secretion The effector protein AvrRps4 targets the molecular mechanism of plant iron metabolism pathways to obtain iron.
Jun Liu’s group first analyzed the transcriptome data of 1-24 hours and 8 hours of Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and mutant eds after Pst (avrRps4) infection with Pseudomonas syringae Pst (avrRps4), and found a pathway related to plant iron metabolism.
Many related genes are involved in the response of plants to infection by the pathogen Pst (avrRps4).
Through genetic and biochemical research methods, it is proved that the effector protein AvrRps4 secreted by this bacterium can target the plant's iron metabolism regulating protein BTS.
BTS is the main sensor protein for plants to respond to iron signals and precisely regulate iron homeostasis.
AvrRps4 can interfere with the degradation of downstream transcription factors bHLH115 and ILR3 by BTS, thereby regulating the iron metabolism process of plants.
For mutant plants that cannot recognize AvrRps4 (rps4a and eds1-2), the effector protein AvrRps4 can cause the accumulation of total iron in plants and iron in apoplasts.
However, for those plants that can recognize AvrRps4, the host plant restricts iron absorption through an immune defense response, resulting in less iron accumulation in apoplasts.
In addition, the important immune components that recognize AvrRps4 (RPS4, EDS1 and RRS1a/b) are also involved in the regulation of iron deficiency in response to BTS.
These mutant plants (rps4a, eds1-2, and rrs1a/b) showed a phenotype similar to the root length of mutant bts-2 on iron-deficiency medium, indicating that these immune components are also involved in the iron-deficiency response.
In the process of Pst (avrRps4) infecting plants, BTS is essential for the accumulation of immune response protein EDS1.
The absence of BTS leads to a decrease in the level of EDS1 in plants, and plants are sensitive to pathogen infection.
Therefore, this study shows that under the infection of bacteria, the plant immune system tightly regulates the homeostasis of iron in the body, limiting the bacteria's access to a large amount of iron, thereby inhibiting the infection of the bacteria.
At the same time, the study also revealed the new functions of the pathogenic effector protein and proposed the concept of "iron immunity".
Xing Yingying, a doctoral graduate of Liu Jun's research group, and Xu Ning, an associate researcher, are the co-first authors, and Liu Jun is the corresponding author.
Yu Diqiu, a researcher at Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Ling Hongqing, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provided relevant genetic materials.
Professor Wang Hongbin of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Professor Jane Parker of Max Planck Institute in Germany, and Professor Gitta Coaker of University of California, Davis participated in the cooperation.
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics.
Source: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Just as animals obtain iron from food, plant pathogens also need to obtain iron from host plants for their own growth and reproduction.
However, little is known about the mechanism by which pathogens obtain iron in plant hosts.
Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) is a model strain for studying the interaction between the host and the microorganism.
It can use its three-type secretion system to secrete a variety of effector proteins into plant cells to promote the infection of the pathogen.
However, the function of most bacterial effector proteins is not fully understood.
On March 5th, Liu Jun’s research group from the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published an online research paper entitled Bacterial effector targeting of a plant iron sensor facilitates iron acquisition and pathogen colonization in the international journal The Plant Cell, revealing a bacterial secretion The effector protein AvrRps4 targets the molecular mechanism of plant iron metabolism pathways to obtain iron.
Jun Liu’s group first analyzed the transcriptome data of 1-24 hours and 8 hours of Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and mutant eds after Pst (avrRps4) infection with Pseudomonas syringae Pst (avrRps4), and found a pathway related to plant iron metabolism.
Many related genes are involved in the response of plants to infection by the pathogen Pst (avrRps4).
Through genetic and biochemical research methods, it is proved that the effector protein AvrRps4 secreted by this bacterium can target the plant's iron metabolism regulating protein BTS.
BTS is the main sensor protein for plants to respond to iron signals and precisely regulate iron homeostasis.
AvrRps4 can interfere with the degradation of downstream transcription factors bHLH115 and ILR3 by BTS, thereby regulating the iron metabolism process of plants.
For mutant plants that cannot recognize AvrRps4 (rps4a and eds1-2), the effector protein AvrRps4 can cause the accumulation of total iron in plants and iron in apoplasts.
However, for those plants that can recognize AvrRps4, the host plant restricts iron absorption through an immune defense response, resulting in less iron accumulation in apoplasts.
In addition, the important immune components that recognize AvrRps4 (RPS4, EDS1 and RRS1a/b) are also involved in the regulation of iron deficiency in response to BTS.
These mutant plants (rps4a, eds1-2, and rrs1a/b) showed a phenotype similar to the root length of mutant bts-2 on iron-deficiency medium, indicating that these immune components are also involved in the iron-deficiency response.
In the process of Pst (avrRps4) infecting plants, BTS is essential for the accumulation of immune response protein EDS1.
The absence of BTS leads to a decrease in the level of EDS1 in plants, and plants are sensitive to pathogen infection.
Therefore, this study shows that under the infection of bacteria, the plant immune system tightly regulates the homeostasis of iron in the body, limiting the bacteria's access to a large amount of iron, thereby inhibiting the infection of the bacteria.
At the same time, the study also revealed the new functions of the pathogenic effector protein and proposed the concept of "iron immunity".
Xing Yingying, a doctoral graduate of Liu Jun's research group, and Xu Ning, an associate researcher, are the co-first authors, and Liu Jun is the corresponding author.
Yu Diqiu, a researcher at Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Ling Hongqing, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provided relevant genetic materials.
Professor Wang Hongbin of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Professor Jane Parker of Max Planck Institute in Germany, and Professor Gitta Coaker of University of California, Davis participated in the cooperation.
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics.
Source: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
