Pig production and related policy issues in China

Introduction: Han Gaoju, deputy director of the animal husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of agriculture, pig production plays a very important role in China's animal husbandry How about the situation of pig production, which directly affects the whole animal husbandry, has always been the focus of the animal husbandry industry and even the whole society The summary of the research in this area is of great benefit to the research of animal husbandry and the direct production of animal husbandry 1、 Overview of pig production there are several characteristics of pig production in China: first, large quantity and rapid development In the early stage of reform and opening up, there were about 300 million pigs on hand, 10 million tons of pork, accounting for 94% of the total meat production By 1997, there were 390 million pigs on hand, 450 million pigs on hand, and 34.64 million tons of pork Compared with the 1980s, the number of stocks on hand has increased by 30%, and the output of pork has more than tripled The stock and pork account for 50% and 42% of the world's total respectively, which play an important role in the world's pig industry With the development of pig production, the broiler industry and cattle and sheep industry are booming, and the proportion of pork gradually decreases In 1997, pork accounted for 67% of meat Although the proportion has decreased by 27% in the past 20 years, its importance has not been reduced Pig production is still the main body of livestock industry, and pork consumption is still the main body of people's meat, becoming an indispensable consumer goods in people's daily life Second, pig farming is a traditional industry in China, which has a wide range of social basis Most areas of the country are engaged in this production, but its key areas are very obvious Sichuan, Hunan, Henan, Hebei, Hubei and more than ten provinces and cities have been the main pig producing areas and pork transfer out areas, which has not been greatly impacted so far In 1997, there were 294.95 million live pigs in 10 major producing provinces, accounting for 65.4% of the national total, which is enough to show its importance However, in recent years, the three northeastern provinces that needed to be transferred in the past have given full play to the advantages of rich food resources and made great efforts in grain transformation, achieving results In 1997, the number of pigs on the market reached 35.55 million, an increase of 11.88 million over 1980, and the meat production reached 4.53 million tons In addition to meeting the local demand, pork and live pigs were transferred out of the country every year, which changed the situation of food transfer out and pork transfer in in the past and became a new pork production base Third, there are many varieties and new technologies China is the largest pig producing country in the world, and also the country with the most feed varieties As many as 60 local breeds have been collected in "China pig breed record", and a considerable part of these breeds have played an important role in production Some good local breeds, such as Meishan pig, have become the important basis for breeding new breeds In addition, China has also introduced a large number of excellent varieties from abroad, mainly including Yorkshire, Changbai, Duroc and Dika mating lines, which have played a positive role in cultivating new varieties, improving local varieties and improving productivity Over the years, a large number of advanced technologies have been adopted in variety, feed, feeding, equipment, technology and management, which have continuously improved the productivity and quality of pigs in China, narrowed the gap with developed countries, and some of them have reached the advanced level in foreign countries It should be said that the sustainable development of pig production is largely benefited from the technological progress in this field Fourth, with a good pattern, the mechanism of pig production in China has become an important industry, a new growth point of rural economy in many places, an important way for farmers to increase their income and become a new tax source, because the pattern of pig production in China is in line with the reality of China, and the operation mechanism meets the requirements of the socialist market economy With thousands of households as the main body, appropriate development of scale management, maintaining the advantages of farmers' pig raising at this stage, reflecting the trend of specialized production, has strong vitality in China In 1985, the state abolished the unified purchase system, completely liberalized the purchase and sale price of pigs, implemented the coexistence of multiple business channels and multiple economic components, introduced the market mechanism, and injected vitality into pig production The following period was the fastest growing period of pig production in China From 1979 to 1985, the production of pork increased by 65%, while from 1985 to 1997, it increased by more than twice, much higher than the price The speed of development before the liberation.