New molecular mechanisms regulate macrophages in the immune system.

Introduction: macrophage is a kind of white blood cell in tissue, which participates in innate immunity and acquired immunity in vertebrates.macrophages are derived from monocytes and belong to immune cells.belongs to non reproductive cell group.its main function is to fix cells or free cells first, then phagocytize and digest cell debris and pathogens, and activate lymphocytes or other immune cells to make them respond to pathogens.macrophages can engulf and destroy damaged tissues and help start the rehabilitation process.the team of the National Center for cardiovascular research (CNIC) and researchers from Mount Sinai Hospital in New York found a new molecular mechanism mediated by nuclear receptors, which can determine the characteristics and diffusion of macrophages.macrophage is a cell type that acts as an immune sentinel in the human body.this new discovery mechanism has a special effect on the macrophages in the serous cavity.the serosal cavity is a cavity surrounded by membranes that surround and protect many organs.this finding, published in the journal Nature communications on April 3, has a very important guiding role in the treatment of diseases affecting the serous cavity and the organs contained in the serous cavity.these diseases include a variety of cancers and myocardial infarction.macrophages are immune system cells, whose main function is to act as sentinel in the body to resist the invasion of pathogens.phagocytes can also maintain balance in the body, and maintain the balance and stable operation of the body system by removing tissue waste and debris produced in the process of tissue repair.explained Dr. Mercedes ricote, research coordinator and head of CNIC nuclear receptor signaling group.in recent years, the work of many research groups has changed people's understanding of the origin and regulation of macrophage hematopoiesis.these studies reveal a huge heterogeneity between tissue macrophages, depending on their embryonic or hematopoietic origin, and on the microenvironment signals that regulate their characteristics and maintain in adult life."has three layers of serosa: the peritoneum covering the abdominal cavity; the pleura, which surrounds the lung; and the pericardium, which covers the heart."one of the main functions of macrophages in these cavities is to maintain homeostasis by removing dead cells," Dr. Richter explained.in addition, recent studies have shown that these macrophages can infiltrate adjacent damaged organs, "producing an effective and rapid repair response, independent of the replenishment of macrophage precursors through the blood supply."the nature communications study was led by Dr. Richter of the National Center for cardiovascular research and Dr. Miriam merad of Mount Sinai Hospital, in collaboration with co authors Dr. Maria Casanova (Mount Sinai) and Dr. m? Piedad menende (CNIC).studies have shown that the expansion of peritoneal macrophages after birth and their maintenance in adulthood are controlled by the flavin X receptor (RXR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor family."RXR is present in the cells," explains Dr. m? Piedad menende. "It detects the presence of lipids and derivatives of vitamin A.these ligands activate RXR and trigger the expression of specific genes that control growth, generate immunity, maintain homeostasis and maintain metabolism."the team found that RXR needed to establish a macrophage population by controlling the proliferation of macrophages in the serous cavity of newborn mice.studies have also shown that RXR is also important for the survival of adult macrophages.as Dr. menenders explained, "the absence of RXR in serous macrophages leads to a large accumulation of toxic lipids and kills cells through a process called apoptosis."using a mouse ovarian cancer model, studies have shown that peritoneal macrophages can infiltrate ovarian tumors and act as" tumor associated macrophages "that support tumor growth.the results showed that the loss of RXR function led to the decrease of peritoneal macrophages, which reduced the contribution of these macrophages to ovarian tumor growth and delayed the progression of the disease.Dr. Richter stressed: "therefore, serous macrophages may be a target for the treatment of cancers affected by serous organs."the researchers are particularly interested in the possibility of regulating RXR with drugs, including some currently used to treat cutaneous lymphoma."our study may have implications for the treatment of disease progression (such as cancer) caused by serous macrophages, or the repair of damaged tissues (such as myocardial infarction). [hot spots] American scientists: wear masks! Normal breathing can also infect the new coronavirus. JAMA sub issue: real hammer! Nearly 10000 international studies have shown that breastfeeding can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 24%. [hot spots] FDA urgently authorized chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of patients with covid-19 infection [science sub issue] nicotinic acid may help the immune system fight brain tumors