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This article is original by Translational Medicine Network.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Daisy Guide: Recently, researchers published a study in Nature Communications that revealed the way in which Vibrio cholerae interacts with bacteria in the human microbiota
.
Vibrio cholerae is a major human gastrointestinal pathogen and the cause of the devastating diarrheal disease cholera, which continues to affect millions of people every year
.
The bacterium uses the molecular spear of T6SS to stab neighboring bacteria to promote its own precipitation
.
However, although several intestinal bacteria are depleted after the T6SS-mediated Vibrio cholerae attack, a considerable part of them can resist: they produce specific immune proteins to prevent the toxic effects of T6SS; or some of the intestinal microbiota Members can protect themselves from the attack of T6SS by being an opportunistic pathogen without passing through the immune protein pathway
.
This research provides us with some new insights into the behavior of bacterial communities in the gut microbiota, and how the defense against T6SS poisoning can help bacterial populations defend against invading pathogens
.
Cholera remains a serious public health problem
.
In the past 200 years, there have been seven recorded pandemics of acute diarrhoeal disease
.
According to the World Health Organization, cholera still causes as many as 143,000 deaths each year and infects at least more than 4 million people, most of which occur in poor or underdeveloped countries
.
Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is a water-borne pathogen that infects the intestines when people drink contaminated water
.
Once ingested, Vibrio cholerae begins to colonize the inner surface of the intestine and release toxins on epithelial cells
.
This toxin disrupts the ion balance in the intestinal wall, causing watery diarrhea
.
Severe cholera can cause death due to severe dehydration
.
But this is not the full function of Vibrio cholerae
.
In 2015, a research team led by Professor Melanie Blokesch of EPFL published a groundbreaking paper showing that the bacterium used a spring spear to stab neighboring bacteria and steal its DNA in its growth environment
.
This molecular spear, called the "Type VI secretion system" or T6SS, has previously been described for bacterial competition
.
Blokesch said: “Drinking contaminated water in cholera endemic areas in the world is expected to contain competitive T6SS active Vibrio cholerae
.
” Previous studies have shown that enteric pathogens need to interact with bacteria in the intestinal microbiota in order to Survive in this environment
.
They use a variety of strategies to do this, from fighting for nutrients to full-scale bacterial wars
.
Some studies have shown that intestinal pathogens use T6SS spears to clear the intestinal niche and promote their own precipitation
.
But studying how Vibrio cholerae interacts with the gut microbiota is difficult
.
Generally speaking, scientists will develop a standardized adult animal model, but Vibrio cholerae is notorious because it colonizes adult animals relatively poorly compared to humans
.
This means that researchers have to turn to young animals, but these animals lack a mature microbiota, and once Vibrio cholerae begins to colonize the intestines, they will interact with them.
.
At the same time, many studies have shown that the resistance to colonization of Vibrio cholerae and other infectious bacteria depends to a large extent on the so-called "symbiotic" microorganisms in the intestine
.
Symbiotic microorganisms, especially human intestinal microorganisms, have not been studied much in the interaction with Vibrio cholerae
.
Gut Resistance Recently, in a paper titled "Human commensal gut Proteobacteria withstand type VI secretion attacks through immunity protein-independent mechanisms" published in Nature Communications, Blokesch's research team studied Vibrio cholerae and human microorganisms.
The way bacteria in a swarm interact
.
The scientists observed a small number of symbiotic bacteria from human volunteers, including several bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and various Klebsiella isolates
.
DOI: 10.
1038/s41467-021-26041-0 Their results show that although several intestinal bacteria are depleted after T6SS-mediated Vibrio cholerae attack, a considerable part of them can resist
.
Specifically, some Klebsiella gut species protect themselves from the T6SS attack of Vibrio cholerae through a polysaccharide capsule, which is characteristic of the so-called "encapsulated" bacteria
.
Because it is an efficient killing device, bacteria that use T6SS like Vibrio cholerae also have ways to protect themselves to avoid self-poisoning
.
In order to do this, bacteria that use T6SS produce specific immune proteins to prevent the toxic effects of T6SS
.
However, studies have found that some members of the human microbiota can protect themselves from T6SS attacks without passing through the immune protein pathway
.
Specifically, the study showed that cloacae Escherichia coli itself is an opportunistic pathogen, and it fights back by first using its own, more superior T6SS weapon to kill Vibrio cholerae
.
A subset of human gut symbionts are resistant to the T6SS attack by Vibrio cholerae, Melanie Blokesch said: "This study provides us with some new insights into the behavior of bacterial communities within the gut microbiota, and how to defend against T6SS poisoning.
Helping bacterial populations resist invading pathogens
.
” But she also emphasized that this research was conducted in vitro, which means that if we want to get a more complete image, more research is needed
.
The author concludes: "Nevertheless, our research can be used as a starting point for rationally designing T6SS-shielded probiotic strains that can restore defective colonization barriers or improve barrier efficiency
.
" Finally, Blokesch emphasized in this study.
The generosity of colleagues who shared bacterial strains
.
She also emphasized that it would be more difficult to develop new directions, including Klebsiella biology, without the excellent cooperation with Olaya Rendueles and Eduardo Rocha of the Pasteur Institute in Paris
.
"More important than scientific information, what I like most is the collaborative aspect of this story (inside and outside the laboratory)
.
" Nicolas Flaugnatti, a postdoctoral fellow in the Blokesch group and the first (shared) author of this study, agreed
.
Reference materials: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-10-war-gut-human-microbiota-resist.
html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment options
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital
.
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Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Daisy Guide: Recently, researchers published a study in Nature Communications that revealed the way in which Vibrio cholerae interacts with bacteria in the human microbiota
.
Vibrio cholerae is a major human gastrointestinal pathogen and the cause of the devastating diarrheal disease cholera, which continues to affect millions of people every year
.
The bacterium uses the molecular spear of T6SS to stab neighboring bacteria to promote its own precipitation
.
However, although several intestinal bacteria are depleted after the T6SS-mediated Vibrio cholerae attack, a considerable part of them can resist: they produce specific immune proteins to prevent the toxic effects of T6SS; or some of the intestinal microbiota Members can protect themselves from the attack of T6SS by being an opportunistic pathogen without passing through the immune protein pathway
.
This research provides us with some new insights into the behavior of bacterial communities in the gut microbiota, and how the defense against T6SS poisoning can help bacterial populations defend against invading pathogens
.
Cholera remains a serious public health problem
.
In the past 200 years, there have been seven recorded pandemics of acute diarrhoeal disease
.
According to the World Health Organization, cholera still causes as many as 143,000 deaths each year and infects at least more than 4 million people, most of which occur in poor or underdeveloped countries
.
Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is a water-borne pathogen that infects the intestines when people drink contaminated water
.
Once ingested, Vibrio cholerae begins to colonize the inner surface of the intestine and release toxins on epithelial cells
.
This toxin disrupts the ion balance in the intestinal wall, causing watery diarrhea
.
Severe cholera can cause death due to severe dehydration
.
But this is not the full function of Vibrio cholerae
.
In 2015, a research team led by Professor Melanie Blokesch of EPFL published a groundbreaking paper showing that the bacterium used a spring spear to stab neighboring bacteria and steal its DNA in its growth environment
.
This molecular spear, called the "Type VI secretion system" or T6SS, has previously been described for bacterial competition
.
Blokesch said: “Drinking contaminated water in cholera endemic areas in the world is expected to contain competitive T6SS active Vibrio cholerae
.
” Previous studies have shown that enteric pathogens need to interact with bacteria in the intestinal microbiota in order to Survive in this environment
.
They use a variety of strategies to do this, from fighting for nutrients to full-scale bacterial wars
.
Some studies have shown that intestinal pathogens use T6SS spears to clear the intestinal niche and promote their own precipitation
.
But studying how Vibrio cholerae interacts with the gut microbiota is difficult
.
Generally speaking, scientists will develop a standardized adult animal model, but Vibrio cholerae is notorious because it colonizes adult animals relatively poorly compared to humans
.
This means that researchers have to turn to young animals, but these animals lack a mature microbiota, and once Vibrio cholerae begins to colonize the intestines, they will interact with them.
.
At the same time, many studies have shown that the resistance to colonization of Vibrio cholerae and other infectious bacteria depends to a large extent on the so-called "symbiotic" microorganisms in the intestine
.
Symbiotic microorganisms, especially human intestinal microorganisms, have not been studied much in the interaction with Vibrio cholerae
.
Gut Resistance Recently, in a paper titled "Human commensal gut Proteobacteria withstand type VI secretion attacks through immunity protein-independent mechanisms" published in Nature Communications, Blokesch's research team studied Vibrio cholerae and human microorganisms.
The way bacteria in a swarm interact
.
The scientists observed a small number of symbiotic bacteria from human volunteers, including several bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and various Klebsiella isolates
.
DOI: 10.
1038/s41467-021-26041-0 Their results show that although several intestinal bacteria are depleted after T6SS-mediated Vibrio cholerae attack, a considerable part of them can resist
.
Specifically, some Klebsiella gut species protect themselves from the T6SS attack of Vibrio cholerae through a polysaccharide capsule, which is characteristic of the so-called "encapsulated" bacteria
.
Because it is an efficient killing device, bacteria that use T6SS like Vibrio cholerae also have ways to protect themselves to avoid self-poisoning
.
In order to do this, bacteria that use T6SS produce specific immune proteins to prevent the toxic effects of T6SS
.
However, studies have found that some members of the human microbiota can protect themselves from T6SS attacks without passing through the immune protein pathway
.
Specifically, the study showed that cloacae Escherichia coli itself is an opportunistic pathogen, and it fights back by first using its own, more superior T6SS weapon to kill Vibrio cholerae
.
A subset of human gut symbionts are resistant to the T6SS attack by Vibrio cholerae, Melanie Blokesch said: "This study provides us with some new insights into the behavior of bacterial communities within the gut microbiota, and how to defend against T6SS poisoning.
Helping bacterial populations resist invading pathogens
.
” But she also emphasized that this research was conducted in vitro, which means that if we want to get a more complete image, more research is needed
.
The author concludes: "Nevertheless, our research can be used as a starting point for rationally designing T6SS-shielded probiotic strains that can restore defective colonization barriers or improve barrier efficiency
.
" Finally, Blokesch emphasized in this study.
The generosity of colleagues who shared bacterial strains
.
She also emphasized that it would be more difficult to develop new directions, including Klebsiella biology, without the excellent cooperation with Olaya Rendueles and Eduardo Rocha of the Pasteur Institute in Paris
.
"More important than scientific information, what I like most is the collaborative aspect of this story (inside and outside the laboratory)
.
" Nicolas Flaugnatti, a postdoctoral fellow in the Blokesch group and the first (shared) author of this study, agreed
.
Reference materials: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-10-war-gut-human-microbiota-resist.
html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment options
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital
.
Popular·Article Diagnostic Test [The Lancet] Call for action! Nearly half of the world's people cannot get basic diagnosis for many common diseases.
Can the COVID-19 pandemic help change the diagnosis? Immunotherapy [Nature Sub-Journal] Lung epithelial cells control lung immunity? This will lay the foundation for the treatment of many lung diseases! Tumor Research 【Research】Be alert! Summarizing 30 years of big data: esophageal adenocarcinoma is showing a younger trend.
Medical trends [News] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021 was announced, and the pain receptors won! Intestinal health [PNAS] research has discovered the "second brain" that exists in the intestine, and its glial will open up new ways to treat intestinal diseases! Tumor Research [Nature Sub-Journal] The use of single-cell multi-omics to study tumor cells is a new idea, the Harvard Medical School and other top-level teams have created a precedent! Tumor research [Science] protein may become a new breakthrough in cancer treatment! New Coronavirus [Science] The truth about the source of SARS-CoV-2? The coronavirus that is the closest to the new coronavirus so far has been found in Lao bats, with a matching rate of 96.
8%! Coronavirus [The BMJ] In Israel, where the vaccination rate is 78%, why is the epidemic still out of control? Do we need to worry about the effectiveness of the new crown vaccine? Is it necessary to strengthen the injection? Organoid Research [Nature Sub-Journal] A 3D pancreatic cancer tumor model cultivated by an international team of scientists including Shanghai Jiaotong University can effectively improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Tumor Research [Science Sub-Journal] Salt has the effect of inhibiting tumors ? Scientists explain unexpected discoveries for you through mouse experiments! Recommendation·Activity The 5th Symposium on Modern Clinical Molecular Diagnosis at the 3rd Shanghai International Cancer Conference
