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As we all know, antibiotics are drugs with antibacterial or bactericidal effects, but they mainly target known bacterial strategies (mechanisms).
For bacteria, if they want to survive in a world full of antibiotics, they must have some skills that can effectively cope with stress: either they "hook up" with another bacteria to get some special genetic material; or they are produced through generations.
Genetic variation, so as to obtain new characteristics to make antibiotics gradually ineffective.
Under these known strategies, antibiotics can play a certain bactericidal effect.
However, "the road is one foot high, the magic is high", and bacteria are constantly evolving.
They maximize their adaptability.
Many types of bacteria have become more and more able to adapt to the environment of antibiotics.
No, scientists have discovered a new "trick" of bacteria: They change their form to avoid the damage caused by antibiotics.
Recently, in a study published in "Nature Physics", a research team led by the University of Chicago, Carnegie Mellon University, and University College London, through single-cell experiments and combined with theoretical models, proposed the use of cell growth and The mechanical feedback between morphologies adapts to the mechanism of antibiotics.
Specifically, through single-cell experiments, researchers found that the cells of Caulobacter crescentus, a commonly used model organism, can restore the growth rate before being stimulated by antibiotics and undergo significant changes in morphology.
Once the antibiotics are cleared, these cells will return to their original form after a few generations.
C.
crescentus is a single-celled organism that usually exists in humid environments and various types of water.
Previously, another research team had discovered a similar situation, that is, bacteria changed their shape to avoid becoming the target of antibiotics.
But in that study, the bacteria shed the entire cell wall in order to avoid the drug, resulting in a distortion of shape.
In this study, the researchers found that the cell walls remained intact this time, but they stretched quite violently, forming a "C" shape (see the picture on the cover).
In order to figure this out, the researchers added chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic below lethal dose, to C.
crescentus and then observed its growth and division.
Although this dose of antibiotics is not enough to kill most bacteria, it can immediately slow down their growth.
After about 10 generations of exposure to low-dose antibiotics, the researchers discovered that C.
crescentus began to undergo physical changes—stretching and bending into a C shape.
This change is sufficient to increase the growth rate of bacteria to the level before exposure to chloramphenicol.
The growth rate of bacteria exposed to different antibiotic concentrations.
Image source: Nature Physics, the first author of the study and biophysicist at Carnegie Mellon University Shiladitya Banerjee said: “Using single-cell experiments and theoretical models, we have proved that changes in cell morphology are a feedback strategy that enables them to Adapt to the antibiotic environment and allow yourself to survive.
The bacteria after the use of "Metamorphosis" can overcome the pressure of antibiotics and restore rapid growth.
"Researchers found that when the antibiotics are eliminated, the bacteria return to their original state after a few generations.
Straight shape.
Researchers believe that the increase in cell volume helps to dilute the antibiotics that enter the bacteria, and that bending and widening can reduce the surface-to-volume ratio, so that fewer antibiotics pass through the surface.
Banerjee said: "This discovery is of great significance to human health and will likely promote more molecular research on the role of cell morphology in its growth and antibiotic resistance.
"The link to the paper: https:// 2020 hot articles selection 1.
The cup is full! A full paper cup of hot coffee, full of plastic particles.
.
.
2.
American, British and Australian scientists "Natural Medicine" add another strong proof: the new coronavirus is a natural evolution product, or has two origins.
.
.
3.
NEJM: The effect of intermittent fasting on health, aging and disease 4.
Cure insomnia within one year! Research finds : To improve sleep, you may only need a heavy blanket.
5.
New Harvard study: Only 12 minutes of vigorous exercise can bring huge metabolic benefits to health.
6.
The first human intervention experiment: "Crawling in nature" 28 days of rolling" is enough to improve immunity 7.
Junk food is "real rubbish"! It takes away the length of telomeres and makes people age faster! 8.
Cell puzzle: you can die if you don't sleep! But The fatal changes do not occur in the brain, but in the intestines.
.
.
9.
"Nature Communications" ultra-large-scale study: the level of iron in the blood is the key to health and aging! 10.
Unbelievable! Scientists reverse the "permanent" brain damage in animals overnight , It also restores the youthful state of the old brain.
.
.
For bacteria, if they want to survive in a world full of antibiotics, they must have some skills that can effectively cope with stress: either they "hook up" with another bacteria to get some special genetic material; or they are produced through generations.
Genetic variation, so as to obtain new characteristics to make antibiotics gradually ineffective.
Under these known strategies, antibiotics can play a certain bactericidal effect.
However, "the road is one foot high, the magic is high", and bacteria are constantly evolving.
They maximize their adaptability.
Many types of bacteria have become more and more able to adapt to the environment of antibiotics.
No, scientists have discovered a new "trick" of bacteria: They change their form to avoid the damage caused by antibiotics.
Recently, in a study published in "Nature Physics", a research team led by the University of Chicago, Carnegie Mellon University, and University College London, through single-cell experiments and combined with theoretical models, proposed the use of cell growth and The mechanical feedback between morphologies adapts to the mechanism of antibiotics.
Specifically, through single-cell experiments, researchers found that the cells of Caulobacter crescentus, a commonly used model organism, can restore the growth rate before being stimulated by antibiotics and undergo significant changes in morphology.
Once the antibiotics are cleared, these cells will return to their original form after a few generations.
C.
crescentus is a single-celled organism that usually exists in humid environments and various types of water.
Previously, another research team had discovered a similar situation, that is, bacteria changed their shape to avoid becoming the target of antibiotics.
But in that study, the bacteria shed the entire cell wall in order to avoid the drug, resulting in a distortion of shape.
In this study, the researchers found that the cell walls remained intact this time, but they stretched quite violently, forming a "C" shape (see the picture on the cover).
In order to figure this out, the researchers added chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic below lethal dose, to C.
crescentus and then observed its growth and division.
Although this dose of antibiotics is not enough to kill most bacteria, it can immediately slow down their growth.
After about 10 generations of exposure to low-dose antibiotics, the researchers discovered that C.
crescentus began to undergo physical changes—stretching and bending into a C shape.
This change is sufficient to increase the growth rate of bacteria to the level before exposure to chloramphenicol.
The growth rate of bacteria exposed to different antibiotic concentrations.
Image source: Nature Physics, the first author of the study and biophysicist at Carnegie Mellon University Shiladitya Banerjee said: “Using single-cell experiments and theoretical models, we have proved that changes in cell morphology are a feedback strategy that enables them to Adapt to the antibiotic environment and allow yourself to survive.
The bacteria after the use of "Metamorphosis" can overcome the pressure of antibiotics and restore rapid growth.
"Researchers found that when the antibiotics are eliminated, the bacteria return to their original state after a few generations.
Straight shape.
Researchers believe that the increase in cell volume helps to dilute the antibiotics that enter the bacteria, and that bending and widening can reduce the surface-to-volume ratio, so that fewer antibiotics pass through the surface.
Banerjee said: "This discovery is of great significance to human health and will likely promote more molecular research on the role of cell morphology in its growth and antibiotic resistance.
"The link to the paper: https:// 2020 hot articles selection 1.
The cup is full! A full paper cup of hot coffee, full of plastic particles.
.
.
2.
American, British and Australian scientists "Natural Medicine" add another strong proof: the new coronavirus is a natural evolution product, or has two origins.
.
.
3.
NEJM: The effect of intermittent fasting on health, aging and disease 4.
Cure insomnia within one year! Research finds : To improve sleep, you may only need a heavy blanket.
5.
New Harvard study: Only 12 minutes of vigorous exercise can bring huge metabolic benefits to health.
6.
The first human intervention experiment: "Crawling in nature" 28 days of rolling" is enough to improve immunity 7.
Junk food is "real rubbish"! It takes away the length of telomeres and makes people age faster! 8.
Cell puzzle: you can die if you don't sleep! But The fatal changes do not occur in the brain, but in the intestines.
.
.
9.
"Nature Communications" ultra-large-scale study: the level of iron in the blood is the key to health and aging! 10.
Unbelievable! Scientists reverse the "permanent" brain damage in animals overnight , It also restores the youthful state of the old brain.
.
.
