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This article is converted Medicine original, reproduced please indicate the source Author: Cathy Introduction: As the body's largest and most complex micro-ecosystem, itself and its intestinal microbial metabolites can regulate not only human health, but also in between meals and host Played an important role as a bridge.
In recent years, the study of intestinal microbes has become one of the research hotspots in the field of biomedicine.
In this article, the editor compiled the latest research progress in the field of gut microbes, including gut microbes and aging, cancer, blood type, genome, brain inflammation, depression, immunity, Alzheimer's disease, etc.
, to share with you! 1【Cell】New breakthrough! Scientists have identified more than 140,000 viruses in the human intestine DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
01.
029 February 18, 2021, Wellcome Sanger, one of the most famous genome sequencing research centers in the world Trevor D.
Lawley and others of the Institute published a research paper titled Massive expansion of human gut bacteriophage diversity in Cell magazine.
The research team has established an intestinal phage database (GPD) containing approximately 142809 species of bacteriophages by mining 28,060 human intestinal metagenomics and 2,898 cultured human intestinal bacterial genomes worldwide, more than half of which have never been discovered before New virus.
This study established the largest and most comprehensive human intestinal phage database to date, paving the way for a better understanding of the role of viruses in the gut microbiome, and also helping to discover new ways to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
2[Nature Metabolism] The intestinal microbiome is related to healthy aging and longevity DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s42255-021-00348-0 February 18, 2021, Seattle Institute of Systems Biology and Washington University researchers published an online study titled "Gut microbiome pattern reflects healthy ageing and predicts survival in humans" on Nature Metabolism.
The research team analyzed more than 9,000 people in three independent cohorts, aged 18 to 101.
Between the gut microbiome, phenotype and clinical data.
The data shows that as individuals age, the gut microbiota becomes more and more unique, and the difference from other microbiota is getting bigger and bigger.
From mid to late adulthood, the abundance of the core bacterial genera shared with humans has been steadily Corresponding to the decline.
Research has revealed unique characteristics of the gut microbiome, which are related to healthy aging and survival in recent decades, and these characteristics are related to healthy or unhealthy aging trajectories, and then predict the survival rate of the elderly.
This will have great clinical significance for monitoring and improving the health of the gut microbiota in a person's life.
3【Science】New breakthrough in "refractory" cancer! Fecal microbiota transplantation is expected to reverse the resistance of tumors to PD-1 treatment DOI: 10.
1126/science.
abf3363 February 5, 2021, NIH and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center researchers published a titled "Fecal microbiota" in Science transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients" article.
This study shows that the bacterial and viral communities in the gut can affect the immune system and its response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy (including anti-PD-1 therapies).
Researchers successfully improved their response to immunotherapy by performing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for patients with advanced melanoma who did not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
The research data provides a proof of concept that the gut microbiome can be a cancer treatment target, showing that FMT and anti-PD-1 treatments change the gut microbiome and reprogram the tumor microenvironment.
Research has also brought hope to cancer treatment methods based on the microbiome.
4【Cancer Discovery】This intestinal bacteria can transfer to the breast, induce breast hyperplasia and promote breast cancer progression DOI: 10.
1158 / 2159-8290.
CD-20-0537 January 6, 2021, Johns Hopkins University, USA Researchers from the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center published a research paper titled: A pro-carcinogenic colon microbe promotes breast tumorigenesis and metastatic progression and concomitantly activates Notch and β catenin axes in Cancer Discovery.
This study found in a mouse model that a microorganism commonly associated with colitis and colon cancer-Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) can colonize the breast and intestines, rapidly induce breast epithelial hyperplasia and promote The occurrence and metastasis process of breast cancer.
Studies have observed that when enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is introduced into the intestines or mammary ducts of mice, it always induces tumor cell growth and metastatic progression, thus revealing another cause of breast cancer.
Potential risk factors.
In view of this, in the future, it may be possible to assess the risk of breast cancer by examining the changes in the microbiome in stool or breast samples.
5【Nature Genetics】New discovery! Intestinal flora and blood type are regulated by the same gene, enteritis may be related to your blood type DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41588-020-00747-1 January 18, 2021, a research team at the University of Kiel, Germany An article entitled "Genome-wide association study in 8,956 German individuals identifies influence of ABO histo-blood groups on gut microbiome" was published in "Nature Genetics" magazine, which is the first to determine that the inheritance of the human genome will affect the composition of gut microbiome.
What's even more amazing is that genes that regulate blood type also regulate the composition of microbes in the gut.
This research builds a bridge between genetics and the composition of intestinal microbes, and also provides more genetic explanations for intestinal diseases.
In the future, the treatment of intestinal diseases may be considered from the perspective of blood type.
6 [Nature Genetics] Genome-wide association analysis of 18,000 people reveals how genetic factors affect our intestinal flora DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41588-020-00763-1 January 18, 2021, from Researchers from the University of Groningen Medical Center in the Netherlands published a study titled Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition in "Nature Genetics".
Through gene sequence analysis of nearly 20,000 individuals, 19 were found Heritable bacterial groups and 31 loci that affect the characteristics of the flora, among which the lactase gene (LCT) and the fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2) have important influence in shaping our intestinal ecosystem. This study is the first to accurately estimate the impact of host genetics on the gut microbiome.
Future studies may identify more genetic effects as the sample size increases, which is important for the development of diseases caused by bacteria.
Diagnosis and treatment are essential.
7【Nature】New discovery! This brain cell cooperates with the gut microbiome to fight brain inflammation DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-020-03116-4 January 6, 2021, "Nature" magazine published online Harvard Medical School in the United States Francisco J.
Quintana team named "Gut-licensed IFNγ+ NK cells drive LAMP1+TRAIL+ anti-inflammatory astrocytes" research.
Studies have shown that specific astrocyte subgroups can play a protective anti-inflammatory function in the brain based on the regulatory signals of intestinal microbes.
This study shows the important role of astrocytes in CNS inflammation, and also points out the regulatory role of intestinal microbes in this pathway.
Perhaps in the future, the study of intestinal microbes will become a new hope for the treatment of inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS).
8 [Science Advances] Chinese institutions have jointly discovered the connection between human intestinal microbiome disorders and major depression! DOI: 10.
1126 / sciadv.
aba8555 On December 2, 2020, researchers from Capital Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Zhejiang University and other institutions published a titled "Landscapes of bacterial and metabolic signatures and their interaction in major depressive" in Science Advances.
"Disorders" research, the study found that there are differences in certain components in stool samples of patients with and without major depression.
They found 47 different bacteria, as well as 50 fecal metabolites and 3 different bacteriophages.
They also found that the levels of Bacteroides bacteria species in the stools of patients with major depression are higher, so they believe that major depression may have problems with the gut microbiome.
In the past, the diagnosis method for patients with major depression was through conversation.
In the future, it may be possible to detect changes in intestinal microbes and diagnose patients with major depression.
9【Nature】First time! Scientists found a direct link between the intestinal flora and human immune cell dynamics DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-020-2971-8 November 25, 2020, in memory of Sloan Kettering (MSK) cancer Researchers from the center published a study titled "The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans" in the journal Nature.
An important discovery about the relationship between the microbiota and the immune system was proposed.
This study found that the concentration of different types of immune cells in the blood changes with the changes in bacterial strains in the intestine, which proves that the intestinal microbiota directly shapes The composition of the human immune system.
The study used data collected from more than 2,000 patients over a period of more than 10 years, revealing for the first time the direct connection between the intestinal flora and the dynamics of human immune cells, and created a method to study the changes in different subtypes of immune cells.
10 [New progress] Alzheimer's disease and the intestinal microbiota have been confirmed! DOI: 10.
3333 / JAD-200306 On November 10, 2020, researchers from Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland, published a titled "Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lipopolysaccharide as Mediators Between Gut Dysbiosis and Amyloid Pathology" in the "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease" in Alzheimer's Disease".
Studies have found that there is a correlation between the imbalance of the human gut microbiota and the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain.
Certain proteins produced by intestinal bacteria identified in the blood of patients can indeed change the interaction between the immune system and the nervous system, thereby causing diseases.
The research will give researchers the opportunity to explore a new Alzheimer's disease prevention strategy by regulating the population's microbiota.
The editor’s comment that the magical intestinal microbes can be blended anywhere from prolonging their lifespan to curing diseases.
As the saying goes, "Undecided, quantum mechanics; hard to find the mechanism, intestinal flora.
" The rapid development of microbiome research technology has made it possible It is possible to further understand the relationship between gut microbes and human phylogeny and health.
Scientists are still exploring the relationship between the intestinal flora and more diseases, and hope that in the future, this "second set of human genome" research can achieve greater development and benefit human health.
If you have anything to add, please leave a message in the comment area~ Today’s video content recommendation [My 2020 Issue 22] Tang Tang, CEO of Wuhan Metroville Biotechnology Co.
, Ltd.
: Dedicated to scientific research services of metabolomics, making metabolism a connection The bridge between gene and phenotype
In recent years, the study of intestinal microbes has become one of the research hotspots in the field of biomedicine.
In this article, the editor compiled the latest research progress in the field of gut microbes, including gut microbes and aging, cancer, blood type, genome, brain inflammation, depression, immunity, Alzheimer's disease, etc.
, to share with you! 1【Cell】New breakthrough! Scientists have identified more than 140,000 viruses in the human intestine DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
01.
029 February 18, 2021, Wellcome Sanger, one of the most famous genome sequencing research centers in the world Trevor D.
Lawley and others of the Institute published a research paper titled Massive expansion of human gut bacteriophage diversity in Cell magazine.
The research team has established an intestinal phage database (GPD) containing approximately 142809 species of bacteriophages by mining 28,060 human intestinal metagenomics and 2,898 cultured human intestinal bacterial genomes worldwide, more than half of which have never been discovered before New virus.
This study established the largest and most comprehensive human intestinal phage database to date, paving the way for a better understanding of the role of viruses in the gut microbiome, and also helping to discover new ways to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
2[Nature Metabolism] The intestinal microbiome is related to healthy aging and longevity DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s42255-021-00348-0 February 18, 2021, Seattle Institute of Systems Biology and Washington University researchers published an online study titled "Gut microbiome pattern reflects healthy ageing and predicts survival in humans" on Nature Metabolism.
The research team analyzed more than 9,000 people in three independent cohorts, aged 18 to 101.
Between the gut microbiome, phenotype and clinical data.
The data shows that as individuals age, the gut microbiota becomes more and more unique, and the difference from other microbiota is getting bigger and bigger.
From mid to late adulthood, the abundance of the core bacterial genera shared with humans has been steadily Corresponding to the decline.
Research has revealed unique characteristics of the gut microbiome, which are related to healthy aging and survival in recent decades, and these characteristics are related to healthy or unhealthy aging trajectories, and then predict the survival rate of the elderly.
This will have great clinical significance for monitoring and improving the health of the gut microbiota in a person's life.
3【Science】New breakthrough in "refractory" cancer! Fecal microbiota transplantation is expected to reverse the resistance of tumors to PD-1 treatment DOI: 10.
1126/science.
abf3363 February 5, 2021, NIH and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center researchers published a titled "Fecal microbiota" in Science transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients" article.
This study shows that the bacterial and viral communities in the gut can affect the immune system and its response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy (including anti-PD-1 therapies).
Researchers successfully improved their response to immunotherapy by performing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for patients with advanced melanoma who did not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
The research data provides a proof of concept that the gut microbiome can be a cancer treatment target, showing that FMT and anti-PD-1 treatments change the gut microbiome and reprogram the tumor microenvironment.
Research has also brought hope to cancer treatment methods based on the microbiome.
4【Cancer Discovery】This intestinal bacteria can transfer to the breast, induce breast hyperplasia and promote breast cancer progression DOI: 10.
1158 / 2159-8290.
CD-20-0537 January 6, 2021, Johns Hopkins University, USA Researchers from the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center published a research paper titled: A pro-carcinogenic colon microbe promotes breast tumorigenesis and metastatic progression and concomitantly activates Notch and β catenin axes in Cancer Discovery.
This study found in a mouse model that a microorganism commonly associated with colitis and colon cancer-Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) can colonize the breast and intestines, rapidly induce breast epithelial hyperplasia and promote The occurrence and metastasis process of breast cancer.
Studies have observed that when enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is introduced into the intestines or mammary ducts of mice, it always induces tumor cell growth and metastatic progression, thus revealing another cause of breast cancer.
Potential risk factors.
In view of this, in the future, it may be possible to assess the risk of breast cancer by examining the changes in the microbiome in stool or breast samples.
5【Nature Genetics】New discovery! Intestinal flora and blood type are regulated by the same gene, enteritis may be related to your blood type DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41588-020-00747-1 January 18, 2021, a research team at the University of Kiel, Germany An article entitled "Genome-wide association study in 8,956 German individuals identifies influence of ABO histo-blood groups on gut microbiome" was published in "Nature Genetics" magazine, which is the first to determine that the inheritance of the human genome will affect the composition of gut microbiome.
What's even more amazing is that genes that regulate blood type also regulate the composition of microbes in the gut.
This research builds a bridge between genetics and the composition of intestinal microbes, and also provides more genetic explanations for intestinal diseases.
In the future, the treatment of intestinal diseases may be considered from the perspective of blood type.
6 [Nature Genetics] Genome-wide association analysis of 18,000 people reveals how genetic factors affect our intestinal flora DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41588-020-00763-1 January 18, 2021, from Researchers from the University of Groningen Medical Center in the Netherlands published a study titled Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition in "Nature Genetics".
Through gene sequence analysis of nearly 20,000 individuals, 19 were found Heritable bacterial groups and 31 loci that affect the characteristics of the flora, among which the lactase gene (LCT) and the fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2) have important influence in shaping our intestinal ecosystem. This study is the first to accurately estimate the impact of host genetics on the gut microbiome.
Future studies may identify more genetic effects as the sample size increases, which is important for the development of diseases caused by bacteria.
Diagnosis and treatment are essential.
7【Nature】New discovery! This brain cell cooperates with the gut microbiome to fight brain inflammation DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-020-03116-4 January 6, 2021, "Nature" magazine published online Harvard Medical School in the United States Francisco J.
Quintana team named "Gut-licensed IFNγ+ NK cells drive LAMP1+TRAIL+ anti-inflammatory astrocytes" research.
Studies have shown that specific astrocyte subgroups can play a protective anti-inflammatory function in the brain based on the regulatory signals of intestinal microbes.
This study shows the important role of astrocytes in CNS inflammation, and also points out the regulatory role of intestinal microbes in this pathway.
Perhaps in the future, the study of intestinal microbes will become a new hope for the treatment of inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS).
8 [Science Advances] Chinese institutions have jointly discovered the connection between human intestinal microbiome disorders and major depression! DOI: 10.
1126 / sciadv.
aba8555 On December 2, 2020, researchers from Capital Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Zhejiang University and other institutions published a titled "Landscapes of bacterial and metabolic signatures and their interaction in major depressive" in Science Advances.
"Disorders" research, the study found that there are differences in certain components in stool samples of patients with and without major depression.
They found 47 different bacteria, as well as 50 fecal metabolites and 3 different bacteriophages.
They also found that the levels of Bacteroides bacteria species in the stools of patients with major depression are higher, so they believe that major depression may have problems with the gut microbiome.
In the past, the diagnosis method for patients with major depression was through conversation.
In the future, it may be possible to detect changes in intestinal microbes and diagnose patients with major depression.
9【Nature】First time! Scientists found a direct link between the intestinal flora and human immune cell dynamics DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-020-2971-8 November 25, 2020, in memory of Sloan Kettering (MSK) cancer Researchers from the center published a study titled "The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans" in the journal Nature.
An important discovery about the relationship between the microbiota and the immune system was proposed.
This study found that the concentration of different types of immune cells in the blood changes with the changes in bacterial strains in the intestine, which proves that the intestinal microbiota directly shapes The composition of the human immune system.
The study used data collected from more than 2,000 patients over a period of more than 10 years, revealing for the first time the direct connection between the intestinal flora and the dynamics of human immune cells, and created a method to study the changes in different subtypes of immune cells.
10 [New progress] Alzheimer's disease and the intestinal microbiota have been confirmed! DOI: 10.
3333 / JAD-200306 On November 10, 2020, researchers from Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland, published a titled "Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lipopolysaccharide as Mediators Between Gut Dysbiosis and Amyloid Pathology" in the "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease" in Alzheimer's Disease".
Studies have found that there is a correlation between the imbalance of the human gut microbiota and the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain.
Certain proteins produced by intestinal bacteria identified in the blood of patients can indeed change the interaction between the immune system and the nervous system, thereby causing diseases.
The research will give researchers the opportunity to explore a new Alzheimer's disease prevention strategy by regulating the population's microbiota.
The editor’s comment that the magical intestinal microbes can be blended anywhere from prolonging their lifespan to curing diseases.
As the saying goes, "Undecided, quantum mechanics; hard to find the mechanism, intestinal flora.
" The rapid development of microbiome research technology has made it possible It is possible to further understand the relationship between gut microbes and human phylogeny and health.
Scientists are still exploring the relationship between the intestinal flora and more diseases, and hope that in the future, this "second set of human genome" research can achieve greater development and benefit human health.
If you have anything to add, please leave a message in the comment area~ Today’s video content recommendation [My 2020 Issue 22] Tang Tang, CEO of Wuhan Metroville Biotechnology Co.
, Ltd.
: Dedicated to scientific research services of metabolomics, making metabolism a connection The bridge between gene and phenotype
