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C30 carotenoids, which have shorter backbones than C40 carotenoids, are known to be produced in the pathogenic bacterium
Staphylococcus aureus
that causes opportunistic infection. The first committed enzyme in the C30 carotenoid synthetic pathway is dehydrosqualene synthase CrtM. CrtM converts farnesyl pyrophosphate to dehydrosqualene. Dehydrosqualene desaturase CrtN then converts dehydrosqualene to the yellow C30 carotenoid, 4,4′-diaponeurosporene. This chapter describes a method to synthesize C30 carotenoids in
Bacillus subtilis
, which is generally recognized as a safe (GRAS) organism. Introduction of
S. aureus crtM
and
crtN
genes into
B. subtilis
results in yellow pigmentation. The
B. subtilis
transformant accumulates two C30 carotenoids, 4,4′-diapolycopene and 4,4′-diaponeurosporene. Furthermore, together with
crtMN
, introduction of
S. aureus crtP
and
crtQ
genes, which encode mixed function oxidase and glycosyltransferase, respectively, donates the ability to produce glycosylated C30 carotenoic acid. Thus, carotenoid biosynthesis genes of
S. aureus
is applicable to genetically modify
B. subtilis
in order to construct a safe organism producing C30 carotenoids.
