Effects of feeding complex probiotics on milk production, milk composition and fecal flora in dairy cows

Effects of feeding compound probiotics on milk production, milk composition and fecal flora of dairy cows In March 2017, the research results on the effects of feeding compound probiotics on milk production, milk composition and fecal flora of dairy cows were published in "Science Bulletin" "(Science Bulletin) successfully published . The gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows contains a wide variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, and ciliates, which are closely related to the host's nutrient absorption, energy acquisition, and toxin elimination . A large number of studies have shown that feeding probiotics can regulate the gastrointestinal microecological balance of animals, enhance immunity, improve disease resistance, and promote growth and development . In this experiment, Holstein lactating cows were used as the research objects to study the effect of adding compound probiotics in total mixed ration (TMR) on milk production, milk active substances and other components, and fecal flora . Experimental design In this experiment, 800 Holstein lactating cows with similar body condition and average milk production were selected, and the average lactation days were 60±3 days. There were 400 cows in the experimental group and the control group. 10 heads for tracking sampling . During the experiment, compound probiotics (the number of viable bacteria ≥ 1. 3 × 109 CFU/g), which was compounded by Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 1:1, were added to the TMR of the experimental group at a dosage of 50 g/g. head day . The control group still used the original pasture diet . During the experiment, milk was expressed twice daily at 9:00 in the morning and evening, and the milk production was automatically recorded . Before adding compound probiotics (day 0), adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, and on the 30th day, milk samples were collected (the first three milks should be removed before sampling) to determine the somatic cell count (SCC), Contents of fat, protein and lactose; content of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactoferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYS) and lactoperoxidase (LP) . Fecal bacterial metagenomic sequencing was performed on days 0 and 30, respectively . 　　Experimental results 　　1. Test results of milk yield, milk somatic cell count and milk composition 　　After adding compound probiotics for 15 days, the average milk yield of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0. 052) . After adding compound probiotics for 30 days, the average milk production in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01). During the 30-day experiment, the average milk production in the control group did not change significantly . At the same time, after adding compound probiotics for 15 and 30 days, the average number of somatic cells in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0. 01) . And the content of protein, fat and lactose in the milk of the experimental group did not change significantly during the process of feeding compound probiotics, which was similar to the control group . 　　2. The test results of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactoferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYS) and lactoperoxidase (LP) in milk were 　　compared with those on day 0. The experimental group added compound probiotics. After 15 days and 30 days, the contents of IgG (Fig. 1a, P < 0. 01) and LP (Fig. 1d, P < 0. 01) were significantly increased in milk . At the same time, the IgG (P<0. 01) and LP (P<0. 01) contents in the milk of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group on the 15th and 30th days after adding compound probiotics . After adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, the LTF content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Fig. 1b, P<0. 05); after adding compound probiotics on the 15th day (P<0. 05) and 30 days (P<0. 01), LYS in milk The contents in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Fig. 1c) . 　　3. Analysis 　　of fecal flora The diversity of fecal flora in the control group decreased significantly at the end of the experiment (the 30th day) (P<0. 01) . The diversity index of the experimental group was maintained at a similar level as before the experiment (Fig. 2) . Principal component analysis based on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances (Fig. 3) showed that there were significant differences in the fecal flora structure between the experimental groups before and after feeding probiotics . A total of 12 bacterial phyla, 143 bacterial genera and 284 bacterial species were identified in cow fecal samples . At the phylum level, Firmicutes (Firmicutes), Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) dominate . The abundance of Firmicutes (Firmicutes) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) in the experimental group and control group increased to different degrees, and the Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) showed an opposite trend (Fig. 4) . As shown in Figure 5, at the genus level, in the experimental group, Bacteroides (Bacteroides), Roseburia (Rosbyella), Ruminococcus (Ruminococcus), Clostridium (Clostridium), Coprococcus (Faeococcus) , the relative content of Dorea (Dorella) was significantly higher than that of the control group . At the species level, Bacteroides plebeius (Bacteroides vulgaris), Bacteroides dorei (Bacteroides dorei), Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroides uniformis), Ruminococcus gnavus in the control group compared with day 0 after 30 days of compound probiotic addition (Rumococcus active), Ruminococcus bromii (Ruminococcus brucei), Roseburia hominis (Roseburia spp. ), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and Lactobacillus rogosae (Lactobacillus rosenbergii) all showed varying degrees of decline, The abundance of these bacteria in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05) . At the same time, Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii) and Alkaliphilus oremlandii (Alkaliophilus olimlandii) in the experimental group were all inhibited . 　　4. The correlation between fecal bacteria and milk production, somatic cell number and milk composition was 　　compared with that on day 0. After adding compound probiotics on day 15 and 30, the IgG in milk (Fig. 1a, P<0. 01) and LP (Fig. 1d, P<0. 01) content increased significantly . At the same time, the IgG (P<0. 01) and LP (P<0. 01) contents in the milk of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group on the 15th and 30th days after adding compound probiotics . After adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, the LTF content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Fig. 1b, P<0. 05); after adding compound probiotics on the 15th day (P<0. 05) and 30 days (P<0. 01), LYS in milk The contents in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Fig. 1c) . 　　Experimental conclusion 　　Adding the above-mentioned compound probiotics to the TMR of dairy cows (addition amount is 50 g/head·day) can regulate the flora of the gastrointestinal tract, improve the health level, reduce the number of milk somatic cells, and stabilize the main components of milk (protein, fat and On the basis of lactose) content, the average milk yield is increased, and the content of active substances immunoglobulin G, lactoferrin, lysozyme and lactoperoxidase is increased, and the milk quality is comprehensively improved . 　　High-quality probiotic products + reasonable application solutions are an effective means to help dairy cows save costs and increase efficiency and achieve high-quality development of the dairy industry, and have important economic and ecological value!     Disclaimer: This article only represents the author's personal opinion and has nothing to do with China Probiotics Network . 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　　Effects of feeding compound probiotics on milk production, milk composition and fecal flora of

　　dairy cows In March 2017, the research results on the effects of feeding compound probiotics on milk production, milk composition and fecal flora of dairy cows were published in "Science Bulletin" "(Science Bulletin) successfully published
.


　　The gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows contains a wide variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, and ciliates, which are closely related to the host's nutrient absorption, energy acquisition, and toxin elimination
.
A large number of studies have shown that feeding probiotics can regulate the gastrointestinal microecological balance of animals, enhance immunity, improve disease resistance, and promote growth and development
.
In this experiment, Holstein lactating cows were used as the research objects to study the effect of adding compound probiotics in total mixed ration (TMR) on milk production, milk active substances and other components, and fecal flora
.


　　Experimental design

　　In this experiment, 800 Holstein lactating cows with similar body condition and average milk production were selected, and the average lactation days were 60±3 days.
There were 400 cows in the experimental group and the control group.
10 heads for tracking sampling
.
During the experiment, compound probiotics (the number of viable bacteria ≥ 1.
3 × 109 CFU/g), which was compounded by Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 1:1, were added to the TMR of the experimental group at a dosage of 50 g/g.
head day
.
The control group still used the original pasture diet
.


　　During the experiment, milk was expressed twice daily at 9:00 in the morning and evening, and the milk production was automatically recorded
.
Before adding compound probiotics (day 0), adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, and on the 30th day, milk samples were collected (the first three milks should be removed before sampling) to determine the somatic cell count (SCC), Contents of fat, protein and lactose; content of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactoferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYS) and lactoperoxidase (LP)
.
Fecal bacterial metagenomic sequencing was performed on days 0 and 30, respectively
.


　　Experimental results

　　1.
Test results of milk yield, milk somatic cell count and milk composition

　　After adding compound probiotics for 15 days, the average milk yield of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.
052)
.
After adding compound probiotics for 30 days, the average milk production in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.
01).
During the 30-day experiment, the average milk production in the control group did not change significantly
.
At the same time, after adding compound probiotics for 15 and 30 days, the average number of somatic cells in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.
01)
.
And the content of protein, fat and lactose in the milk of the experimental group did not change significantly during the process of feeding compound probiotics, which was similar to the control group
.


　　2.
The test results of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactoferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYS) and lactoperoxidase (LP) in milk were

　　compared with those on day 0.
The experimental group added compound probiotics.
After 15 days and 30 days, the contents of IgG (Fig.
1a, P < 0.
01) and LP (Fig.
1d, P < 0.
01) were significantly increased in milk
.
At the same time, the IgG (P<0.
01) and LP (P<0.
01) contents in the milk of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group on the 15th and 30th days after adding compound probiotics
.
After adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, the LTF content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Fig.
1b, P<0.
05); after adding compound probiotics on the 15th day (P<0.
05) and 30 days (P<0.
01), LYS in milk The contents in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Fig.
1c)
.


　　3.
Analysis

　　of fecal flora The diversity of fecal flora in the control group decreased significantly at the end of the experiment (the 30th day) (P<0.
01)
.
The diversity index of the experimental group was maintained at a similar level as before the experiment (Fig.
2)
.


A total of 12 bacterial phyla, 143 bacterial genera and 284 bacterial species were identified in cow fecal samples
.
At the phylum level, Firmicutes (Firmicutes), Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) dominate
.
The abundance of Firmicutes (Firmicutes) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) in the experimental group and control group increased to different degrees, and the Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) showed an opposite trend (Fig.
4)
.

As shown in Figure 5, at the genus level, in the experimental group, Bacteroides (Bacteroides), Roseburia (Rosbyella), Ruminococcus (Ruminococcus), Clostridium (Clostridium), Coprococcus (Faeococcus) , the relative content of Dorea (Dorella) was significantly higher than that of the control group
.



At the species level, Bacteroides plebeius (Bacteroides vulgaris), Bacteroides dorei (Bacteroides dorei), Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroides uniformis), Ruminococcus gnavus in the control group compared with day 0 after 30 days of compound probiotic addition (Rumococcus active), Ruminococcus bromii (Ruminococcus brucei), Roseburia hominis (Roseburia spp.
), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and Lactobacillus rogosae (Lactobacillus rosenbergii) all showed varying degrees of decline, The abundance of these bacteria in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.
05)
.
At the same time, Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii) and Alkaliphilus oremlandii (Alkaliophilus olimlandii) in the experimental group were all inhibited
.


　　4.
The correlation between fecal bacteria and milk production, somatic cell number and milk composition was

　　compared with that on day 0.
After adding compound probiotics on day 15 and 30, the IgG in milk (Fig.
1a, P<0.
01) and LP (Fig.
1d, P<0.
01) content increased significantly
.
At the same time, the IgG (P<0.
01) and LP (P<0.
01) contents in the milk of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group on the 15th and 30th days after adding compound probiotics
.
After adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, the LTF content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Fig.
1b, P<0.
05); after adding compound probiotics on the 15th day (P<0.
05) and 30 days (P<0.
01), LYS in milk The contents in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Fig.
1c)
.

---

　　Effects of feeding compound probiotics on milk production, milk composition and fecal flora of

　　dairy cows In March 2017, the research results on the effects of feeding compound probiotics on milk production, milk composition and fecal flora of dairy cows were published in "Science Bulletin" "(Science Bulletin) successfully published
.


　　The gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows contains a wide variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, and ciliates, which are closely related to the host's nutrient absorption, energy acquisition, and toxin elimination
.
A large number of studies have shown that feeding probiotics can regulate the gastrointestinal microecological balance of animals, enhance immunity, improve disease resistance, and promote growth and development
.
In this experiment, Holstein lactating cows were used as the research objects to study the effect of adding compound probiotics in total mixed ration (TMR) on milk production, milk active substances and other components, and fecal flora
.


　　Experimental design

　　In this experiment, 800 Holstein lactating cows with similar body condition and average milk production were selected, and the average lactation days were 60±3 days.
There were 400 cows in the experimental group and the control group.
10 heads for tracking sampling
.
During the experiment, compound probiotics (the number of viable bacteria ≥ 1.
3 × 109 CFU/g), which was compounded by Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 1:1, were added to the TMR of the experimental group at a dosage of 50 g/g.
head day
.
The control group still used the original pasture diet
.


　　During the experiment, milk was expressed twice daily at 9:00 in the morning and evening, and the milk production was automatically recorded
.
Before adding compound probiotics (day 0), adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, and on the 30th day, milk samples were collected (the first three milks should be removed before sampling) to determine the somatic cell count (SCC), Contents of fat, protein and lactose; content of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactoferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYS) and lactoperoxidase (LP)
.
Fecal bacterial metagenomic sequencing was performed on days 0 and 30, respectively
.


　　Experimental results

　　1.
Test results of milk yield, milk somatic cell count and milk composition

　　After adding compound probiotics for 15 days, the average milk yield of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.
052)
.
After adding compound probiotics for 30 days, the average milk production in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.
01).
During the 30-day experiment, the average milk production in the control group did not change significantly
.
At the same time, after adding compound probiotics for 15 and 30 days, the average number of somatic cells in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.
01)
.
And the content of protein, fat and lactose in the milk of the experimental group did not change significantly during the process of feeding compound probiotics, which was similar to the control group
.


　　2.
The test results of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactoferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYS) and lactoperoxidase (LP) in milk were

　　compared with those on day 0.
The experimental group added compound probiotics.
After 15 days and 30 days, the contents of IgG (Fig.
1a, P < 0.
01) and LP (Fig.
1d, P < 0.
01) were significantly increased in milk
.
At the same time, the IgG (P<0.
01) and LP (P<0.
01) contents in the milk of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group on the 15th and 30th days after adding compound probiotics
.
After adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, the LTF content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Fig.
1b, P<0.
05); after adding compound probiotics on the 15th day (P<0.
05) and 30 days (P<0.
01), LYS in milk The contents in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Fig.
1c)
.


　　3.
Analysis

　　of fecal flora The diversity of fecal flora in the control group decreased significantly at the end of the experiment (the 30th day) (P<0.
01)
.
The diversity index of the experimental group was maintained at a similar level as before the experiment (Fig.
2)
.


A total of 12 bacterial phyla, 143 bacterial genera and 284 bacterial species were identified in cow fecal samples
.
At the phylum level, Firmicutes (Firmicutes), Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) dominate
.
The abundance of Firmicutes (Firmicutes) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) in the experimental group and control group increased to different degrees, and the Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) showed an opposite trend (Fig.
4)
.

As shown in Figure 5, at the genus level, in the experimental group, Bacteroides (Bacteroides), Roseburia (Rosbyella), Ruminococcus (Ruminococcus), Clostridium (Clostridium), Coprococcus (Faeococcus) , the relative content of Dorea (Dorella) was significantly higher than that of the control group
.



At the species level, Bacteroides plebeius (Bacteroides vulgaris), Bacteroides dorei (Bacteroides dorei), Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroides uniformis), Ruminococcus gnavus in the control group compared with day 0 after 30 days of compound probiotic addition (Rumococcus active), Ruminococcus bromii (Ruminococcus brucei), Roseburia hominis (Roseburia spp.
), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and Lactobacillus rogosae (Lactobacillus rosenbergii) all showed varying degrees of decline, The abundance of these bacteria in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.
05)
.
At the same time, Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii) and Alkaliphilus oremlandii (Alkaliophilus olimlandii) in the experimental group were all inhibited
.


　　4.
The correlation between fecal bacteria and milk production, somatic cell number and milk composition was

　　compared with that on day 0.
After adding compound probiotics on day 15 and 30, the IgG in milk (Fig.
1a, P<0.
01) and LP (Fig.
1d, P<0.
01) content increased significantly
.
At the same time, the IgG (P<0.
01) and LP (P<0.
01) contents in the milk of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group on the 15th and 30th days after adding compound probiotics
.
After adding compound probiotics on the 15th day, the LTF content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Fig.
1b, P<0.
05); after adding compound probiotics on the 15th day (P<0.
05) and 30 days (P<0.
01), LYS in milk The contents in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Fig.
1c)
.

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