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Sandfly fever Sicilian (SFS) virus (genus
Phlebovirus
, family
Bunyaviridae
) is a member of the sandfly fever virus serogroup, which also includes sandfly fever Naples and Toscana viruses. These viruses are transmitted by
Phlebotomus
sandflies in the Mediterranean and the Middle Eastern regions (
1
,
2
) and are associated with large epidemics with significant morbidity and mortality (
3
). The prevalence of sandfly fever (SF) disease appeared to decline during the 1950s and 60s following insecticidal campaigns, but recent seroepidemiological data indicate that the disease still occurs in endemic areas (
4
–
9
).