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(1) Classification of microorganisms
The classification unit of microorganisms is the same as that of animals and plants, and is divided into kingdom, phyla, class, order, family, genus, and species in turn
.
There can also be secondary taxa between the two main taxa, such as "subdivision", "suborder", "subfamily", "subgenus" and so on
Variety: Sometimes a pure microbial species isolated from natural materials, its basic characteristics are the same as the typical bacterial species, and a certain characteristic is different from the typical bacterial species, and this characteristic is stable, the microorganism is called a typical species Variant
.
Subspecies or races: In microbiology, the stable variant strains obtained in the laboratory are called subspecies or races
.
Type: refers to the various types of existence of the same microorganism, the difference between them is not as significant as the variant
.
For example, Brucella can be divided into bovine, human, and avian types depending on the host
Strain or strain: refers to the same species (or type) from different sources
.
Therefore, each pure culture of microorganisms isolated from nature can be called a strain
Group: Group is a common noun with no status in classification
.
It can informally refer to a group of creatures that share certain characteristics
(2) Naming of microorganisms
There are two kinds of names for microorganisms: common names and scientific names
.
Common names are popular names, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, commonly known as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, commonly known as Escherichia coli
At the family level, the names of bacteria use the plural form of adjectives, and the suffix is an aceae
.
To refer to a genus of bacteria in general but not specifically to a certain bacterium, you can add sp.
The naming of species adopts the double-name method, and the name has two parts: the first part is the genus name, and the second part is the species name
.
Both parts are in Latin and are written in italics
The Chinese translation of the bacteriological name has the species name first and the genus name second
.
Such as Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria monocytogenes), Salmonella typhi (Salmonella typhi)
Viruses do not have specific classification names like bacteria.
They are usually represented by letters, designated numbers, or a combination of both (such as bacteriophage T4 or T1), or the type of disease they cause (such as hepatitis virus), or by Other methods (such as Norwalk virus, which causes food-borne gastroenteritis in humans, was first isolated in Walkertown in Ohio)
.
