Cell: Fu Jingyuan's team developed a high-precision algorithm for intestinal microbial fingerprinting

Our intestines are colonized with microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, etc. , in the same number as body cells. There are differences in the composition of gut microbes among different individuals, and in large population cohort studies such as Lifelines in the Netherlands, FINRISK in Finland, UKbiobank in the United Kingdom, FGFP in Belgium, and HMP in the United States, it has been found that differences in the composition of the gut microbes in individuals are related to health and diseases, including cardiovascular Disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, etc. However, the composition and genetic structure of the intestinal microbial flora between individuals can change over time. Understanding the individual specificity, stability or variability of the flora will help to understand the causal relationship between the flora and the health of the human body. Personalized medical methods that improve intestinal microbes and promote human health provide a direct basis. On April 9, 2021, the team of Professor Jingyuan Fu from the University of Groningen Medical Center in the Netherlands published a research paper titled: The long-term genetic stability and individual specificity of the human gut microbiome in Cell. The team, Chen Lianmin, Dr. Wang Daoming, etc. through the Lifelines follow-up cohort, explored the stability of the gut microbial composition of individuals over four years, and found that the genetic composition of some gut microbes was individual-specific, and used this feature to develop high The accuracy of the intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm realizes that by determining the genetic composition of the microorganisms in the stool sample, it is possible to identify which subject the sample belongs to, with an accuracy of 85-95%. The intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm may have important application value in fields such as confusion sample rearrangement, forensic identification, and personalized medicine. 　　The study also identified many unstable gut microbes, and changes in the content and genetic composition of these microbes are related to changes in the host's own health (Figure 1A). For example: bacterial abundance (Figure 1B), bacterial metabolic pathway abundance (Figure 1C), variation in bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1D), loss of bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1E) and other changes are related to host blood pressure, diabetes indicators, immune cells Related to changes in depression. Figure 1 Changes in intestinal microbes are related to changes in host phenotype 　　To answer how gut microbes affect the host phenotype, researchers believe that gut microbes may produce many metabolites through their metabolic functions, which are absorbed by the intestinal epithelium into the blood circulation, and ultimately affect the body's metabolic health. To this end, the researchers used non-targeted metabolome technology to determine the content of more than 1,000 metabolites in plasma samples and found that nearly 15% of the metabolites may be produced by intestinal microorganisms. 　　Further, the changes in intestinal microbes were correlated with plasma metabolites, and it was found that changes in bacterial strains in the intestines of some individuals were related to changes in plasma metabolites. For example, changes in the probiotic strains in an individual's intestines are related to changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites associated with various cardiovascular diseases (Figure 2). Figure 2 Changes in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain are related to changes in plasma cardiovascular disease-related metabolite concentrations 　　In addition to changes at the strain level, changes in the content of intestinal microbes and specific genetic composition are also widely related to plasma metabolites, especially metabolites related to cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease such as urotoxin and thiamine (Figure 3) . It is worth noting that 22. 6% of the flora-metabolite association is found in the genetic composition variation of Blautia wexlerae, and these variation regions have functions such as encoding membrane structure, amino acid enzymes, urinary enzymes, and protein binding. Figure 3 Changes in various microbial characteristics are related to plasma metabolites 　　The researchers further used two-way mediation analysis to reveal that gut microbes influence cardiovascular disease indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids of the host through their metabolites (Figure 4). It has greatly enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanism of intestinal microbial metabolites in human health and disease. Studies have found that microorganisms mediate thiamine and acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine (AFMK) to affect human blood pressure. Among them, the effect of thiamine on human cardiovascular diseases has been verified in clinical randomized controlled trials. AFMK is a degradation product of melatonin, which can lower blood pressure by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. 　　Intermediary analysis found that a variety of intestinal bacteria can participate in these pathways. For example, microbial sulfate reduction biological pathways can reduce blood pressure by increasing plasma thiamine levels (Figure 4C); microbial lipopolysaccharide synthesis can also regulate blood pressure by affecting plasma AFMK (Figure 4D). In addition, the researchers also found that blood metabolites also mediate the effects of intestinal flora on human blood lipids and blood sugar. For example, tyrosol 4-sulfate, a uremic toxin, mediates the effect of Ruminococcus SV on human low-density lipoproteins (Figure 4E). Figure 4 Changes in various microbial characteristics are related to plasma metabolites 　　In addition, the study systematically measured the antibiotic resistance and toxic substance synthesis gene content carried by intestinal microbes, and found that the antibiotic resistance and gene content carried by intestinal microbes were significantly richer over time. The enrichment may be related to the intake of meat, eggs, milk, etc. 　　Dr. Chen Lianmin said that studying the stability of intestinal microbes and their relationship with the health of the host has greatly enriched our understanding of the role of intestinal microbes in human health and disease, and has revealed the role of intestinal microbes in human health to a certain extent. The mysterious veil in disease and disease provides an important reference for the development of personalized precision medicine that targets intestinal microbes to improve the health of the human body. 　　Link to the paper: 　　https://doi. org/10. 1016/j. cell. 2021. 03. 024      Disclaimer: This article only represents the author's personal views and has nothing to do with China Probiotics. com. The originality and the text and content stated in the article have not been verified by this site. 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　　Our intestines are colonized with microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, etc.
, in the same number as body cells.
There are differences in the composition of gut microbes among different individuals, and in large population cohort studies such as Lifelines in the Netherlands, FINRISK in Finland, UKbiobank in the United Kingdom, FGFP in Belgium, and HMP in the United States, it has been found that differences in the composition of the gut microbes in individuals are related to health and diseases, including cardiovascular Disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, etc.
　　However, the composition and genetic structure of the intestinal microbial flora between individuals can change over time.
Understanding the individual specificity, stability or variability of the flora will help to understand the causal relationship between the flora and the health of the human body.
Personalized medical methods that improve intestinal microbes and promote human health provide a direct basis.
　　On April 9, 2021, the team of Professor Jingyuan Fu from the University of Groningen Medical Center in the Netherlands published a research paper titled: The long-term genetic stability and individual specificity of the human gut microbiome in Cell.
　　The team, Chen Lianmin, Dr.
Wang Daoming, etc.
through the Lifelines follow-up cohort, explored the stability of the gut microbial composition of individuals over four years, and found that the genetic composition of some gut microbes was individual-specific, and used this feature to develop high The accuracy of the intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm realizes that by determining the genetic composition of the microorganisms in the stool sample, it is possible to identify which subject the sample belongs to, with an accuracy of 85-95%.
　　The intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm may have important application value in fields such as confusion sample rearrangement, forensic identification, and personalized medicine.
　　The study also identified many unstable gut microbes, and changes in the content and genetic composition of these microbes are related to changes in the host's own health (Figure 1A).
For example: bacterial abundance (Figure 1B), bacterial metabolic pathway abundance (Figure 1C), variation in bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1D), loss of bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1E) and other changes are related to host blood pressure, diabetes indicators, immune cells Related to changes in depression.


　　To answer how gut microbes affect the host phenotype, researchers believe that gut microbes may produce many metabolites through their metabolic functions, which are absorbed by the intestinal epithelium into the blood circulation, and ultimately affect the body's metabolic health.
To this end, the researchers used non-targeted metabolome technology to determine the content of more than 1,000 metabolites in plasma samples and found that nearly 15% of the metabolites may be produced by intestinal microorganisms.
　　Further, the changes in intestinal microbes were correlated with plasma metabolites, and it was found that changes in bacterial strains in the intestines of some individuals were related to changes in plasma metabolites.
For example, changes in the probiotic strains in an individual's intestines are related to changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites associated with various cardiovascular diseases (Figure 2).


　　In addition to changes at the strain level, changes in the content of intestinal microbes and specific genetic composition are also widely related to plasma metabolites, especially metabolites related to cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease such as urotoxin and thiamine (Figure 3) .
It is worth noting that 22.
6% of the flora-metabolite association is found in the genetic composition variation of Blautia wexlerae, and these variation regions have functions such as encoding membrane structure, amino acid enzymes, urinary enzymes, and protein binding.


　　The researchers further used two-way mediation analysis to reveal that gut microbes influence cardiovascular disease indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids of the host through their metabolites (Figure 4).
It has greatly enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanism of intestinal microbial metabolites in human health and disease.
Studies have found that microorganisms mediate thiamine and acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine (AFMK) to affect human blood pressure.
Among them, the effect of thiamine on human cardiovascular diseases has been verified in clinical randomized controlled trials.
AFMK is a degradation product of melatonin, which can lower blood pressure by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
　　Intermediary analysis found that a variety of intestinal bacteria can participate in these pathways.
For example, microbial sulfate reduction biological pathways can reduce blood pressure by increasing plasma thiamine levels (Figure 4C); microbial lipopolysaccharide synthesis can also regulate blood pressure by affecting plasma AFMK (Figure 4D).
In addition, the researchers also found that blood metabolites also mediate the effects of intestinal flora on human blood lipids and blood sugar.
For example, tyrosol 4-sulfate, a uremic toxin, mediates the effect of Ruminococcus SV on human low-density lipoproteins (Figure 4E).
　　In addition, the study systematically measured the antibiotic resistance and toxic substance synthesis gene content carried by intestinal microbes, and found that the antibiotic resistance and gene content carried by intestinal microbes were significantly richer over time.
The enrichment may be related to the intake of meat, eggs, milk, etc.
　　Dr.
Chen Lianmin said that studying the stability of intestinal microbes and their relationship with the health of the host has greatly enriched our understanding of the role of intestinal microbes in human health and disease, and has revealed the role of intestinal microbes in human health to a certain extent.
The mysterious veil in disease and disease provides an important reference for the development of personalized precision medicine that targets intestinal microbes to improve the health of the human body.
　　Link to the paper: 　　https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
03.
024

---

　　Our intestines are colonized with microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, etc.
, in the same number as body cells.
There are differences in the composition of gut microbes among different individuals, and in large population cohort studies such as Lifelines in the Netherlands, FINRISK in Finland, UKbiobank in the United Kingdom, FGFP in Belgium, and HMP in the United States, it has been found that differences in the composition of the gut microbes in individuals are related to health and diseases, including cardiovascular Disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, etc.
　　However, the composition and genetic structure of the intestinal microbial flora between individuals can change over time.
Understanding the individual specificity, stability or variability of the flora will help to understand the causal relationship between the flora and the health of the human body.
Personalized medical methods that improve intestinal microbes and promote human health provide a direct basis.
　　On April 9, 2021, the team of Professor Jingyuan Fu from the University of Groningen Medical Center in the Netherlands published a research paper titled: The long-term genetic stability and individual specificity of the human gut microbiome in Cell.
　　The team, Chen Lianmin, Dr.
Wang Daoming, etc.
through the Lifelines follow-up cohort, explored the stability of the gut microbial composition of individuals over four years, and found that the genetic composition of some gut microbes was individual-specific, and used this feature to develop high The accuracy of the intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm realizes that by determining the genetic composition of the microorganisms in the stool sample, it is possible to identify which subject the sample belongs to, with an accuracy of 85-95%.
　　The intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm may have important application value in fields such as confusion sample rearrangement, forensic identification, and personalized medicine.
　　The study also identified many unstable gut microbes, and changes in the content and genetic composition of these microbes are related to changes in the host's own health (Figure 1A).
For example: bacterial abundance (Figure 1B), bacterial metabolic pathway abundance (Figure 1C), variation in bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1D), loss of bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1E) and other changes are related to host blood pressure, diabetes indicators, immune cells Related to changes in depression.


　　To answer how gut microbes affect the host phenotype, researchers believe that gut microbes may produce many metabolites through their metabolic functions, which are absorbed by the intestinal epithelium into the blood circulation, and ultimately affect the body's metabolic health.
To this end, the researchers used non-targeted metabolome technology to determine the content of more than 1,000 metabolites in plasma samples and found that nearly 15% of the metabolites may be produced by intestinal microorganisms.
　　Further, the changes in intestinal microbes were correlated with plasma metabolites, and it was found that changes in bacterial strains in the intestines of some individuals were related to changes in plasma metabolites.
For example, changes in the probiotic strains in an individual's intestines are related to changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites associated with various cardiovascular diseases (Figure 2).


　　In addition to changes at the strain level, changes in the content of intestinal microbes and specific genetic composition are also widely related to plasma metabolites, especially metabolites related to cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease such as urotoxin and thiamine (Figure 3) .
It is worth noting that 22.
6% of the flora-metabolite association is found in the genetic composition variation of Blautia wexlerae, and these variation regions have functions such as encoding membrane structure, amino acid enzymes, urinary enzymes, and protein binding.


　　The researchers further used two-way mediation analysis to reveal that gut microbes influence cardiovascular disease indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids of the host through their metabolites (Figure 4).
It has greatly enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanism of intestinal microbial metabolites in human health and disease.
Studies have found that microorganisms mediate thiamine and acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine (AFMK) to affect human blood pressure.
Among them, the effect of thiamine on human cardiovascular diseases has been verified in clinical randomized controlled trials.
AFMK is a degradation product of melatonin, which can lower blood pressure by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
　　Intermediary analysis found that a variety of intestinal bacteria can participate in these pathways.
For example, microbial sulfate reduction biological pathways can reduce blood pressure by increasing plasma thiamine levels (Figure 4C); microbial lipopolysaccharide synthesis can also regulate blood pressure by affecting plasma AFMK (Figure 4D).
In addition, the researchers also found that blood metabolites also mediate the effects of intestinal flora on human blood lipids and blood sugar.
For example, tyrosol 4-sulfate, a uremic toxin, mediates the effect of Ruminococcus SV on human low-density lipoproteins (Figure 4E).
　　In addition, the study systematically measured the antibiotic resistance and toxic substance synthesis gene content carried by intestinal microbes, and found that the antibiotic resistance and gene content carried by intestinal microbes were significantly richer over time.
The enrichment may be related to the intake of meat, eggs, milk, etc.
　　Dr.
Chen Lianmin said that studying the stability of intestinal microbes and their relationship with the health of the host has greatly enriched our understanding of the role of intestinal microbes in human health and disease, and has revealed the role of intestinal microbes in human health to a certain extent.
The mysterious veil in disease and disease provides an important reference for the development of personalized precision medicine that targets intestinal microbes to improve the health of the human body.
　　Link to the paper: 　　https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
03.
024

---

Our intestines are colonized with microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, etc.
, in the same number as body cells.
There are differences in the composition of gut microbes among different individuals, and in large population cohort studies such as Lifelines in the Netherlands, FINRISK in Finland, UKbiobank in the United Kingdom, FGFP in Belgium, and HMP in the United States, it has been found that differences in the composition of the gut microbes in individuals are related to health and diseases, including cardiovascular Disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, etc.
However, the composition and genetic structure of the intestinal microbial flora between individuals can change over time.
Understanding the individual specificity, stability or variability of the flora will help to understand the causal relationship between the flora and the health of the human body.
Personalized medical methods that improve intestinal microbes and promote human health provide a direct basis.
On April 9, 2021, the team of Professor Jingyuan Fu from the University of Groningen Medical Center in the Netherlands published a research paper titled: The long-term genetic stability and individual specificity of the human gut microbiome in Cell.
The team, Chen Lianmin, Dr.
Wang Daoming, etc.
through the Lifelines follow-up cohort, explored the stability of the gut microbial composition of individuals over four years, and found that the genetic composition of some gut microbes was individual-specific, and used this feature to develop high The accuracy of the intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm realizes that by determining the genetic composition of the microorganisms in the stool sample, it is possible to identify which subject the sample belongs to, with an accuracy of 85-95%.
The intestinal microbial fingerprint algorithm may have important application value in fields such as confusion sample rearrangement, forensic identification, and personalized medicine.
The study also identified many unstable gut microbes, and changes in the content and genetic composition of these microbes are related to changes in the host's own health (Figure 1A).
For example: bacterial abundance (Figure 1B), bacterial metabolic pathway abundance (Figure 1C), variation in bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1D), loss of bacterial genetic composition (Figure 1E) and other changes are related to host blood pressure, diabetes indicators, immune cells Related to changes in depression. Figure 1 Changes in
intestinal microbes are related to changes in host phenotype.
To answer how intestinal microbes affect host phenotype, researchers believe that gut microbes may produce numerous metabolites through their metabolic functions, which are absorbed by the intestinal epithelium into the blood circulation , And ultimately affect the body's metabolic health.
To this end, the researchers used non-targeted metabolome technology to determine the content of more than 1,000 metabolites in plasma samples and found that nearly 15% of the metabolites may be produced by intestinal microorganisms.
Further, the changes in intestinal microbes were correlated with plasma metabolites, and it was found that changes in bacterial strains in the intestines of some individuals were related to changes in plasma metabolites.
For example, changes in the probiotic strains in an individual's intestines are related to changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites associated with various cardiovascular diseases (Figure 2). Figure 2 Changes in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain are related to changes in plasma cardiovascular disease-related metabolites concentration.
In addition to changes at the
strain level, changes in the content of intestinal microbes and specific genetic composition are also widely related to plasma metabolites, especially urinary toxins and thiamine Metabolites related to cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (Figure 3).
It is worth noting that 22.
6% of the flora-metabolite association is found in the genetic composition variation of Blautia wexlerae, and these variation regions have functions such as encoding membrane structure, amino acid enzymes, urinary enzymes, and protein binding. Figure 3 Changes in various microbial characteristics and plasma metabolites.

Researchers further revealed through two-way mediation analysis that gut microbes affect host blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids and other cardiovascular disease indicators through their metabolites (Figure 4).
It has greatly enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanism of intestinal microbial metabolites in human health and disease.
Studies have found that microorganisms mediate thiamine and acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine (AFMK) to affect human blood pressure.
Among them, the effect of thiamine on human cardiovascular diseases has been verified in clinical randomized controlled trials.
AFMK is a degradation product of melatonin, which can lower blood pressure by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
Intermediary analysis found that a variety of intestinal bacteria can participate in these pathways.
For example, microbial sulfate reduction biological pathways can reduce blood pressure by increasing plasma thiamine levels (Figure 4C); microbial lipopolysaccharide synthesis can also regulate blood pressure by affecting plasma AFMK (Figure 4D).
In addition, the researchers also found that blood metabolites also mediate the effects of intestinal flora on human blood lipids and blood sugar.
For example, tyrosol 4-sulfate, a uremic toxin, mediates the effect of Ruminococcus SV on human low-density lipoproteins (Figure 4E). Figure 4 The changes in various microbial characteristics are related to plasma metabolites.

In addition, the study also systematically measured the antibiotic resistance and toxic substance synthesis gene content carried by the intestinal microbes, and found that the intestinal microbes The antibiotic resistance and gene content carried are significantly enriched, and the enrichment may be related to the intake of meat, eggs, and milk.
Dr.
Chen Lianmin said that studying the stability of intestinal microbes and their relationship with the health of the host has greatly enriched our understanding of the role of intestinal microbes in human health and disease, and has revealed the role of intestinal microbes in human health to a certain extent.
The mysterious veil in disease and disease provides an important reference for the development of personalized precision medicine that targets intestinal microbes to improve the health of the human body.
Link to the paper: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
03.
024

---