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An antiviral gene affects the risk of these two diseases
Researchers estimate that a genetic variant of the OAS1 gene will increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the entire population by about 3-6%, while related variants of the same gene will increase the likelihood of serious Covid-19 consequences
.
The discovery, published in the journal Brain, may open the door to drug development or new targets for tracking the progression of these two diseases, and shows that the developed treatments can be used for both diseases
.
This discovery also has potential benefits for other related infectious diseases and dementia
Lead author Dr.
Dervis Salich (Queens Square Institute of Neurology, University College London and UK Dementia Institute, University College London) said: "Although Alzheimer’s disease is mainly characterized by the accumulation of harmful amyloid and tangles in the brain, But there is also widespread inflammation in the brain, which highlights the importance of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease
.
We found that both Alzheimer's disease and Covid-19 may have some of the same immune system changes
"In patients with severe neocoronavirus infection, the brain may also undergo inflammatory changes
.
Here, we have discovered a gene that can cause an excessive immune response, thereby increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease and neocoronavirus infection.
In this study, the research team tried to find evidence from a large amount of human genome data on the basis of their previous work, and proposed a link between the OAS1 gene and Alzheimer's disease
.
The OAS1 gene is expressed in microglia, which is an immune cell that accounts for about 10% of all cells in the brain
.
They further studied the link between the gene and Alzheimer's disease and sequenced the genetic data of 2,547 people, half of whom had Alzheimer's disease
Their discovery adds an antiviral gene OAS1 to the list of dozens of genes currently known to affect a person's risk of Alzheimer's disease
.
The researchers investigated four variants of the OAS1 gene, all of which inhibit its expression (activity)
.
They found that the variants that increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease are related to the recently discovered OAS1 variants (common inheritance), which can increase the baseline risk of Covid-19 requiring intensive care by 20%
As part of the same study, in immune cells that mimic the effects of Covid-19, researchers found that the gene controls the amount of pro-inflammatory proteins released by human immune cells
.
They found that microglia with weaker gene expression reacted exaggeratedly to tissue damage, releasing substances they called inflammatory factors "cytokine storm", leading to an autoimmune state of self-attack
OAS1 activity changes with age, so further research on gene networks will help to understand why older people are more susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, Covid-19, and other related diseases
.
PhD student Naciye Magusali (British Dementia Institute, University College London) said: “Our findings indicate that some people may have increased susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease and severe Covid-19, regardless of their age.
Some of our immune cells seem to be involved in the common molecular mechanism of these two diseases
.
"
After the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, researchers at the British Dementia Institute at University College London turned their attention to studying the long-term neurological consequences of the virus
.
Using biomarkers found in the blood and fluid surrounding the central nervous system, they aimed to track neuroinflammation and damage to neurons
Dr.
Salich said: “If we can develop a simple method to detect these genetic variants when someone tests positive for Covid-19, then it will be possible to determine who needs intensive care at greater risk, but to do so.
There is still a lot of work to be done
.
Similarly, we hope that our research can help the development of blood testing
.
Before someone has memory problems, determine whether they are at risk of Alzheimer’s
.
“A genetic link between risk for Alzheimer's disease and severe COVID-19 outcomes via the OAS1 gene” by Naciye Magusali, Andrew C Graham, Thomas M Piers, Pantila Panichnantakul, Umran Yaman, Maryam Shoai, Regina H Reynolds, Juan A Botia, Keeley J Brookes, Tamar Guetta-Baranes, Eftychia Bellou, Sevinc Bayram, Dimitra Sokolova, Mina Ryten, Carlo Sala Frigerio, Valentina Escott-Price, Kevin Morgan, Jennifer M Pocock, John Hardy and Dervis A Salih, 7 October 2021, Brain .
DOI : 10.
1093/brain/awab337
