Academician Chen Liquan and others write articles on the development strategy of my country's new energy materials

Article source: Journal of the Chinese Academy of Engineering? Authors: Huang Xuejie, Zhao Wenwu, Shao Zhigang, Chen Liquan New energy materials refer to functional materials with energy storage and conversion functions or structural and functional integrated materials that support the development of new energy sources
.
As an important part of strategic emerging industries, the development of the new energy materials industry is related to the national economy, social development and national security
.
The scientific research team of Academician Chen Liquan of the Chinese Academy of Engineering wrote an article in the journal of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, "Chinese Engineering Science", focusing on the development of new energy materials represented by key materials of lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells, and summarized the development of new energy materials at home and abroad , Analyzed the problems existing in the development of China's related materials industry, and looked forward to the development trend of new materials research and development and industry at home and abroad
.
Facing the new development requirements in 2025 and 2035, the article expounds the development ideas of China's new energy key materials in the field of lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells, and refines the development goals and key tasks
.
The article proposes to improve the top-level planning, increase support for innovation-driven policies, cultivate superior enterprises, carry out the construction of production and application demonstration platforms, and strengthen the construction of talent teams in order to achieve the leapfrog development of new energy materials in China
.
? 1.
Foreword? New energy materials refer to functional materials with energy storage and conversion functions or structural and functional integrated materials that support the development of new energy sources
.
New energy materials have played an important role in promoting the development of new energy.
The invention of new energy materials gave birth to the birth of new energy systems.
The application of new energy materials has improved the efficiency of new energy systems.
The use of new energy materials directly affects new energy.
System investment and operating costs
.
? Lithium-ion batteries are the most competitive energy storage technology for new energy vehicles and power regulation.
Fuel cells are the core power generation unit in the hydrogen energy era.
Therefore, this article will focus on new researches represented by key materials for lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells.
Energy materials development strategy
.
? Looking at the global development trend, developed countries and regions such as the United States, Japan, the European Union, and emerging economies such as Russia, Brazil, India and South Africa have successively implemented a series of policies and measures to support the development of the new energy material industry, striving to compete internationally in the future Grab a place in
.
Specifically, the United States has formulated major strategies such as the "EV Everywhere" and "Material Genome Program", and recently released the "Draft Roadmap for the "Energy Storage Challenge"; Japan has issued the "Nano and Materials" Science and Technology R&D Strategy, New Growth Strategy and other plans; the European Union regards key new materials as an important foundation for advanced manufacturing, and has issued the "EU 2020 Strategy" and "Battery 2030+ (BATTERY 2030+)"
.
China has also specially formulated "Made in China 2025" and "Thirteenth Five-Year" Special Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Materials Field, etc.
, and strive to promote structural changes in China's new energy materials industry, comprehensively reshape technological methods, and form an open competition and cooperation development ecology
.
? After years of hard work, China's new energy materials industry has achieved significant development, with increasing technological level and continuous expansion of industrial scale, providing a strong foundation for China's high-tech industries such as lithium-ion battery materials and fuel cell materials to break through technical barriers and achieve rapid development.
Support
.
On the whole, there is still a big gap between China's new energy materials field and foreign advanced level
.
In the future, the competitiveness of China's new energy materials industry still needs to be strengthened.
The independent innovation system with enterprises as the main body needs to be improved urgently.
Some core key materials are controlled by people and the high dependence of high-end materials needs to be solved
.
For this reason, it is imperative to seize the opportunity, make reasonable plans, and improve the supporting capacity of the new energy materials industry.
This is of important strategic significance for accelerating the transformation of China's economic development mode, enhancing international competitiveness, and achieving the goal of green and low-carbon materials
.
2.
Overview of the development of typical key materials for new energy at home and abroad? (1) Lithium-ion battery materials? At present, most of the core technologies in the field of lithium-ion batteries are mastered by the European Union, the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions.
Among them, Japan is the first to start Producing lithium-ion batteries, with the strongest technical strength
.
Japan's Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.
, Ltd.
controls the battery industry chain of Tesla Motors; the lithium-ion batteries produced by Japan Electric Co.
, Ltd.
(NEC) and South Korea's LG Chemical Company have good safety in Nissan Leaf electric vehicles and GM Volt electric vehicles.
Operating records; Murata Manufacturing Co.
, Ltd.
is a China Compulsory Product Certification (3C) battery supplier, and LG Chemical Company, Samsung SDI Company, SK Innovation Battery Company is the main supplier of Volkswagen, BMW and Mercedes-Benz
.
China has always attached great importance to the research of lithium-ion battery materials and listed it as a key project of the 863 Program in the 1980s
.
In recent years, with the development of the new energy automobile industry, the R&D investment in lithium-ion battery materials has remained relatively high
.
Compared with developed countries, the proportion of high-end products of some new materials in China's lithium-ion batteries is still relatively low, the technical content is not high, and the added value of products is low.
High-end materials and high-precision automation equipment for batteries still need to be imported in large quantities
.
In recent years, with the support and promotion of relevant state departments, especially benefiting from the rapid development of China's new energy vehicles and smart phones, Ningde Times New Energy Technology Co.
, Ltd.
and BYD Co.
, Ltd.
have become the main suppliers of power batteries in the world.

.
In terms of electrode materials, the production capacity of Shanghai Shanshan Technology Co.
, Ltd.
and Beterui New Material Group Co.
, Ltd.
have been among the world's forefront.
China's electrolyte and diaphragm production capacity has accounted for more than 50% of the world's total production capacity
.
In terms of patents, the United States, Japan, and South Korea have carried out relatively comprehensive coverage in the field of lithium-ion batteries.
Breaking through the patent blockade is a problem that must be solved in the development of lithium-ion batteries in China
.
? (2) Cathode and anode materials? In terms of lithium iron phosphate and low- and medium-nickel ternary cathode material technology and products, relevant Chinese companies have exerted their late-comer advantages.
Related products have been widely used in the domestic market, and some products have been exported; In terms of high-nickel multi-materials, China is currently still in the catching-up stage.
Related companies are expected to catch up by solving key problems and upgrading equipment for mass production lines
.
? The anode material industry has a high degree of market concentration.
my country's anode material has a leading international market share.
In 2019, the shipments of Chinese companies accounted for 74% of the total global shipments.

.
Representative companies such as Beterui New Materials Group Co.
, Ltd.
, Shanghai Shanshan Technology Co.
, Ltd.
, Jiangxi Zichen Technology Co.
, Ltd.
have been in the world's leading position in the research and development and industrialization of anode materials, which can meet the needs of power battery companies for anode materials.
Material requirements
.
? (3) Electrolyte? The global electrolyte market is mainly occupied by Japan's Mitsubishi Chemical Co.
, Ltd.
, Japan's Ube Industries Co.
, Ltd.
, and South Korea's Samsung SDI.
Each company has its own unique additive preparation technology
.
Chinese enterprises still have certain import dependence in the design and production of some functional additives
.
? From the perspective of the electrolyte industry, electrolyte manufacturers such as Guangzhou Tianci Advanced Materials Co.
, Ltd.
, Shenzhen Xinzhoubang Technology Co.
, Ltd.
, Zhangjiagang Guotai Huarong New Chemical Materials Co.
, Ltd.
and Tianjin Jinniu Power Material Co.
, Ltd.
In terms of industrialization, it is already in the forefront of the world, which can meet the needs of domestic power battery companies for electrolytes.
The market concentration continues to increase.
Industry leading clusters have gradually formed.
Some of them have entered the supply chain system of international mainstream battery companies and achieved overseas markets.
Breakthrough
.
? At present, carbonate solvents and lithium hexafluorophosphate have been mainly produced in China.
Representative companies such as Guangzhou Tianci Advanced Materials Co.
, Ltd.
, Duo Fluoride Chemical Co.
, Ltd.
, and Tianjin Jinniu Power Materials Co.
, Ltd.
have realized the production of lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte salt.
Large-scale production, large-scale application of electrolyte functional additives (such as vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,3-propene sultone, vinyl sulfate, etc.
) Localization has also been achieved
.
? (D) lithium ion battery separator material? Currently, the world's best lithium battery separator materials from Asahi Kasei Corporation and Tonen Chemical Co.
, two Japanese companies
.
China's market share in the field of dry-process diaphragms has surpassed that of the United States, South Korea and Japan, and wet-process diaphragms have entered a period of substantial expansion
.
Shanghai Enjie New Material Technology Co.
, Ltd.
, Suzhou Jieli New Energy Material Co.
, Ltd.
, Hebei Jinli New Energy Technology Co.
, Ltd.
, Shenzhen Xingyuan Material Technology Co.
, Ltd.
and other companies have formed a unique industrial development model, which can basically satisfy Domestic power battery companies have demand for battery separators, but the raw materials and core equipment for the production of separators are still dependent on imports.

.
? (5) Research on basic materials related to membrane electrodes? In terms of fuel cells, the lack of original innovations in China's metal bipolar plate technology is mainly reflected in the large gap between basic material research related to membrane electrodes and the international advanced level, especially Proton exchange membrane
.
The global manufacturers of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes are mainly concentrated in the United States, Canada, Japan, Belgium, etc.
Among them, Gore of the United States is in a leading position in the global supply of proton exchange membranes
.
China's Shandong Dongyue Chemical Co.
, Ltd.
has made rapid progress in the development and industrialization of proton exchange membranes, and has formed a complete industrial chain of fluorosilicon materials
.
Zhejiang Hancheng Technology Co.
, Ltd.
has mastered the key technologies of the entire industry chain of proton exchange membranes such as ultra-high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene resin, fluorine-containing proton exchange resin, biaxially stretched film and coating film.
It has independent intellectual property rights and has started proton exchange.
Large-scale production of exchange resins and membranes
.
The technical level of membrane electrode at home and abroad has been greatly improved, and the trend of domestic catching up with foreign level is obvious
.
? (6) Catalyst? In terms of catalysts, the development of low-platinum or non-platinum oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with high activity and high stability has always been the research focus of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
.
At present, foreign suppliers of fuel cell electrocatalysts for vehicles mainly include Johnson Matthey of the United Kingdom (Johnson Matthey), Japan's Tanaka Precious Metals Group (TKK), and Germany's BASF Chemical Group (BASF)
.
Domestic fuel cell catalysts are still in the research and development stage, and there are two main types of institutions: one is enterprises, such as Guiyan Platinum Industry Co.
, Ltd.
, which is mainly engaged in platinum catalysts for automobile exhaust, and has jointly developed fuel cell catalysts with SAIC Motor; the other is It is a research institute, such as the Pd@Pt/C core-shell catalyst prepared by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which has excellent oxygen reduction activity and stability
.
At present, platinum alloy catalysts are one of the research hotspots of ORR catalysts
.
? (7) Gas diffusion layer base material? In terms of diffusion layer, carbon paper or carbon cloth commercially available on the market can be used as the base material of gas diffusion layer, such as Toray carbon paper from Japan and SGL (SGL) ) Carbon paper, etc.
, are mature carbon paper/carbon cloth materials and gas diffusion layer products
.
Among them, the carbon paper produced by Japan's Toray Group has the advantages of high conductivity, high strength, high gas passing rate, and smooth surface.
It occupies a large market share in the global market and has many carbon paper related patents
.
There are no commercial products in this field in China, and it is urgent to develop independent and controllable diffusion layer products
.
Currently, Central South University is continuing to conduct research on carbon paper for fuel cells, and Jiangsu Tianniao High-Tech Co.
, Ltd.
is conducting research and development on carbon paper based on carbon fiber products
.
3.
Problems in the development of key materials for new energy in China? Secondary batteries represented by lithium-ion batteries are widely used in information and electronic terminal products such as mobile phones, electric vehicles and power storage fields, serving the information industry, and even the transformation of transportation energy.
And an important supporting technology for the power energy revolution
.
As one of the key core technologies of China's new energy industry, fuel cell technology is included in the "Energy Technology Revolution and Innovation Action Plan (2016-2030)", "13th Five-Year" National Science and Technology Innovation Plan, and "Medium and Long-term Development of Renewable Energy" planning "and so on
.
At present, China has generally become a major country of new energy materials, but it is large but not strong.
There are problems such as weak independent guarantee ability, high-end materials controlled by people, and low resource utilization capabilities, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of China's new energy materials
.
? (1) Some basic raw materials depend on imports, which seriously threaten the safety of the key strategic material industry chain? In the lithium battery electrolyte industry, the design and production of some functional additives of domestic companies rely on imports to a certain extent; in the field of high-performance membrane materials, Raw materials such as base-layer non-woven fabrics, polysulfone, and interfacial polymerized monomers generally rely on imports
.
As the core component of the fuel cell membrane electrode, its raw materials such as proton exchange membrane, resin solution, catalyst, carbon paper, etc.
mainly rely on imports
.
The large-scale localization of ultra-thin enhanced proton exchange membranes with independent intellectual property rights in China is in its infancy; the mass production capacity of electrocatalysts has been improved, but there is still a big gap in performance and durability compared with foreign countries; large-scale use of carbon The paper diffusion layer mainly relies on imports, and foreign countries are continuously increasing the price of carbon paper and drastically reducing exports, threatening the safety of my country’s key strategic materials industrial chain
.
? (2) The self-sufficiency rate of high-end products is not high, and the independent support capability for high-end applications is insufficient? The key material technology of lithium batteries still lags behind the advanced level of foreign countries, and some high-end materials are still imported
.
Insufficient technological innovation capabilities, few independently launched new products, slow product upgrades, and lack of related patents and core technologies have hindered the pace of China's lithium-ion batteries participating in international market competition
.
Insufficient resources such as key materials Co, Li, graphite, etc.
, have led to large price fluctuations and an upward trend
.
? China's fuel cell technology for vehicles still lags far behind the international advanced level in terms of stack performance, life, and cost
.
Foreign high-end fuel cell products are currently banned in China, and independent design and development are urgently needed.
However, the core materials and components required for high-end product research and development still mainly rely on imports, such as proton exchange membranes
.
China is implementing major special research projects for such high-end basic materials.
It is expected that at the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the self-sufficiency rate and independent support capabilities of high-end products will be greatly improved
.
? (3) Insufficient original innovation and lack of cooperation platform for "production, study, research and application"? China's new energy material basic research is weak, and there are problems such as emphasizing application and neglecting foundation, emphasizing imitation and neglecting original innovation, and emphasizing iteration and neglecting subversiveness, which severely restrict China's new energy materials.
The overall technological level of the energy materials industry has been improved
.
In addition, there is a lack of a "production-university-research" cooperation platform for original innovation and basic research.
A large number of innovation results only stay in the laboratory research stage, and there is no efficient R&D platform to conduct small-scale process verification and pilot scale-up research on basic research results.
, Hindering the rapid transformation and industrial application of scientific research results
.
? (4) Low proportion of basic innovation R&D investment? The situation that China's new energy material core technology and manufacturing equipment are constrained by others has not been fundamentally reversed, and the industry is at the middle and low end of the value chain
.
R&D investment is misaligned, mostly used for R&D of applied technology, and the proportion of basic research R&D investment is low, resulting in insufficient stamina for key core technologies
.
In addition, the combination of basic research and industrial production has a low viscosity, which limits the transformation of research results and leads to insufficient original innovation capabilities.

.
4.
Domestic and foreign new material R&D and industrial development trends? (1) Industry monopoly has intensified and key material control has become the focus of competition? Foreign multinational companies continue to expand in the field of new energy materials, especially in high value-added key strategic material products Occupy a dominant position, implement product blockade or dumping through technology and market industry monopoly, and curb the economic construction and implementation of major projects in competing countries
.
The advancement of material technology is the basis for the improvement of the power battery level.
Taking the ternary battery as an example, it is currently in the transition period from low nickel to high nickel
.
A few companies in the United States have monopolized the technology patents for high-capacity lithium-rich and low-cobalt/cobalt-free cathode materials.
A few companies in Germany, Japan and South Korea have a dominant position in high-nickel and low-cobalt ternary battery materials.
Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.
, Ltd.
, The US 3M company and others have key patented technologies for silicon-based anode materials
.
China's anode and cathode materials and battery production capacity are already the world's largest, but core patented technology is still lacking
.
? In the field of fuel cells, the performance and cost of membrane electrodes (including catalysts, membranes and carbon paper) are the bottlenecks that limit the large-scale commercialization of fuel cells
.
The platinum catalyst produced by the Japanese Tanaka Precious Metals Group ranks first in the international market share, and Gore of the United States is in a leading position in the global supply of proton exchange membranes
.
Carbon paper produced by Japan’s Toray Group, German SGL Company, Canada’s Ballard Power Systems Company, etc.
are the main imported products in China’s fuel cell field, and there have been interruptions in the supply of carbon paper.
The situation poses a serious threat to the safety of our country’s fuel cell technology
.
? (2) Green and low carbon has become an important trend in the development of new energy materials? The rapid rise of new energy industries represented by energy conservation, environmental protection and green and low carbon has driven the green and low-carbon development of key material industries and applications
.
Continuous breakthroughs in lithium-ion battery materials and fuel cell material technologies have enabled new energy vehicles to gradually enter millions of households.
At the same time, the electrification and intelligence of vehicles complement each other, bringing profound changes in the automotive and energy industries
.
The next 10 years will be the golden age for the development of the existing mainstream hybrid and pure electric vehicle markets.
It is also a decade of rapid development of fuel cell vehicle technology, which will surely promote the development of on-board hydrogen production systems for fuel cells
.
Efficient, clean, and economical fuel cells are the focus of the future development of the world’s powers.
With the gradual improvement of supporting technologies, fuel cell vehicles are expected to become the mainstream of new energy vehicles within 15 to 20 years, especially in the heavy truck and long-distance bus markets.
It will usher in unprecedented development opportunities for high-temperature catalytic materials for hydrogen production in reforming
.
? (3) The high-performance and cutting-edge development of new energy materials has accelerated significantly? Major original achievements represent the hard power of science and technology, and continuous innovation is the cornerstone of maintaining the status of a science and technology power
.
With a series of high-tech breakthroughs, new energy materials represented by key materials of lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells continue to develop in a more sophisticated and high-performance direction
.
? Under the combined effect of technological progress and industrial development, the technical level of battery systems has improved significantly, and production costs have continued to decline
.
In recent years, China’s power battery technology has developed leaps and bounds, and large-scale production has been achieved; the specific energy of soft-pack batteries mass-produced with high nickel ternary materials has reached 288 Wh/kg; the specific energy of battery systems in the passenger car field is concentrated at 140~ 160 Wh/kg, which is generally higher than other products in the same period in the world in terms of group efficiency and energy density
.
? The performance of key materials, core components, stacks and systems of fuel cells continues to improve rapidly
.
In terms of catalysts, alloying and morphology control technologies are used both at home and abroad, so that the performance of catalysts in our laboratories has exceeded the technical indicators set by the U.
S.
Department of Energy (DOE) in 2020
.
In terms of proton exchange membranes, in order to increase the specific power of fuel cells, Gore of the United States prepared ultra-thin reinforced membranes based on perfluorosulfonic acid resin to further reduce the surface resistance
.
In terms of membrane electrodes, domestic and foreign laboratory researches have reached the 2020 platinum consumption target (0.
125 mg/cm2) for membrane electrodes set by the US DOE.
However, the platinum loading of the best commercial membrane electrodes for automobiles in foreign countries is still as high as 0.
35.
~0.
4 mg/cm2
.
? (4) The scale of the industry continues to expand, and new energy materials have become a new engine of economic growth? With the continuous improvement of basic innovation and applied innovation research capabilities, a series of new energy key materials have continuously made breakthroughs in core technologies
.
China has become a major international producer of lithium-ion battery materials
.
In terms of fuel cells, many provinces and cities in China have introduced development specifications for hydrogen energy and fuel cells
.
? The development of new energy vehicles is a major strategic measure to ensure China's energy security and an effective way to reduce vehicle pollution emissions
.
In 2019, China's new energy vehicle sales exceeded 1.
2 million, ranking first in the world, and it is expected to reach 15 million in 2030
.
Lithium-ion batteries provide a key support for the leap-forward development and energy security of China's new energy vehicles
.
Due to the advantages of high power density and quick start at room temperature, PEMFC has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of transportation and fixed power stations
.
5.
Development path of China's new energy key materials? (1) Development ideas? This article elaborates the future development ideas of China's new energy key materials from two aspects: lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells
.
? In terms of lithium-ion batteries, support the technical research on key materials and key equipment of power batteries, improve the development, testing, application verification and analysis platform construction of key materials of lithium-ion batteries, support the lithium-ion battery industry and product upgrades and cost reduction; continue to support The innovative foundation and technical research of the new battery system, the development of higher specific energy and high safety, low-cost battery technology; the promotion of industrial upgrading (such as the development of advanced equipment, strengthening of advanced control and implementation of advanced management) and product upgrades, in the country’s new energy Supported by the automobile policy, maintain the rapid development of the domestic market; attach importance to and promote the formation and development of super-large-scale enterprises (or enterprise consortia), promote the cultivation and training of enterprise innovative technologies and products, well-known brands and high-end talent teams, and continue to consolidate the industry Be a "strong" foundation
.
? In terms of fuel cells, continue to improve China's fuel cell technology innovation platform, encourage the development and application of small practical fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells; support the research and development of low-cost hydrogen production technology and high-capacity hydrogen storage technology Demonstration applications, develop fuel cell body and material technology and fuel cell electric vehicle power system technology, reduce fuel cell application costs; broaden the application fields of small fuel cell systems, promote fuel cell demonstration operations in electric vehicles, and form a complete application industry Chain
.
? (2) Development goals and key tasks? 1.
Development goals and key tasks in 2025? (1) Lithium-ion batteries? The development goals are: strive to achieve a solid-liquid hybrid lithium-ion battery ratio in power batteries by 2025 Energy 400 Wh/kg, cycle 1000 times, realize full application in new energy power system; metal lithium negative electrode secondary battery has a specific energy of 500 Wh/kg; all solid-state metal lithium battery has a specific energy of 400 Wh/kg, cycle 500 times
.
In 2025, it is estimated that the annual production capacity of cathode materials will be 2×106 t, the annual production capacity of anode materials will be 1×106 t, the annual production capacity of separator will be 1.
5×1010 m2, and the annual production capacity of electrolyte will be 6×105 t
.
? Key development tasks are: focus on the research and development of high-nickel, low-cobalt or cobalt-free ternary cathode materials, high-voltage nickel-manganese spinel cathode materials, lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials, carbon/alloy and other high-capacity anode materials, and research and development of ceramic coating separators High-safety diaphragm, flame-retardant electrolyte, research and development of high-pressure resistant diaphragm and electrolyte
.
Research and develop high-energy density single cells based on ternary/high-voltage/lithium-rich cathode materials and high-capacity carbon/alloy anode materials, develop model-based pole piece/battery design technology, improve battery power and environmental adaptability; develop high safety Diaphragm, electrolyte and high-stability and low-resistance electrode/electrolyte interface technology can improve the energy density, power density, life, safety and cost reduction of power batteries
.
Promote the localization of key materials, realize the rapid upgrade of power battery manufacturing and quality assurance technology; propose the design principles and material systems of solid-state power lithium batteries, clarify the dynamic characteristics and structural evolution rules during the cycle, and form independent technologies for solid-state battery systems.
Carry out application promotion in new energy vehicles, etc.

.
Carry out research on the recycling and reuse technology of lithium-ion power batteries, reduce the life cycle cost of the power battery system, establish a green life cycle design optimization assessment, and enhance the greenness of materials and the sustainable development of the environment
.
? (2) Fuel cell? The development goal is: by 2025, to realize the standardization and application of on-site hydrogen production and hydrogen storage modes of hydrogen refueling stations; breakthrough key technologies of fuel cells, and initially establish an industrial chain of fuel cell materials, components and systems
.
In 2025, the production capacity of platinum-based electrocatalysts will reach 3 t/a, meeting the needs of 100,000 sets of PEMFC systems for vehicles; the annual production capacity of acid ion exchange membranes is 2×106 m2; the annual production capacity of carbon paper is 4×106 m2 and the annual production capacity of membrane electrodes Reach 2×106 m2
.
The key development tasks are: based on the status quo of China's fuel cell industry, focus on breakthroughs in low-platinum fuel cell technology, ultra-thin acid ion exchange membrane technology, high-performance carbon paper preparation technology, cheap metal bipolar plate technology, and high-performance long-life membrane electrodes Preparation technology
.
Starting from basic materials, on the one hand, innovate theories in catalysis, from alloys to core-shells to single-atom catalysis, and continuously improve the effective utilization of platinum to reduce platinum loading; on the other hand, upgrade technology to prepare ultra-thin composite membranes.
, Base film synthesis and ultra-thin composite film forming technology are in-depth research, and production is expanded
.
Cooperate on the preparation theory, technology, quality control, etc.
of carbon paper using the comprehensive advantages of interdisciplinary; develop new electrode preparation processes, and develop stable and reliable thin-layer ordered high-performance membranes based on electrostatic spraying, spinning and other processes The scale-up process of the electrode
.
Based on breakthroughs in key core materials of fuel cells, breakthrough technologies and equipment required by the entire fuel cell industry chain, including air compressors, reflux pumps, advanced controller design integration, lightweight systems, shock resistance, and low-temperature environment adaptation equipment and facilities To improve the integrated design of auxiliary systems and fuel cell stacks, reduce costs and increase service life in all aspects from key materials, core components and auxiliary systems, and strengthen system durability, reliability and adaptability
.
? 2.
Development goals and key tasks for 2035? (1) Lithium-ion batteries? The development goals are: before 2035, the specific energy of lithium metal negative secondary batteries will be 500 Wh/kg and the cycle will be 1500 times.
Large-scale application in special fields; all-solid-state metal lithium battery has a specific energy of 600 Wh/kg, cycled 1000 times, and the entire industry chain is mature; a new type of battery has a specific energy of 800 Wh/kg, cycled 100 times
.
After the expansion in 2035, the annual production capacity of cathode materials will be 1×107 t, the annual production capacity of anode materials will be 3×106 t, the annual production capacity of separator will be 5×1010 m2, and the annual production capacity of electrolyte will be 1.
2×106 t
.
The key development tasks are: Facing the industrialization of electric vehicles, it is necessary to continuously improve the advanced preparation technology and technology of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, ternary and other cathode materials and hard carbon, silicon-based anode materials, and tackle key functional electrolytes, high The key technologies of high-performance power batteries such as safety diaphragms support the technological advancement of the lithium-ion battery material industry, and develop high-level in-situ characterization measurement, non-destructive testing, high spatial resolution three-dimensional imaging and high-speed testing technologies
.
Establish a research and development and service platform for power battery technology and equipment, organize the entire industry to tackle key problems, establish power battery manufacturing processes/equipment and standards that are compatible with the current comparative advantages of China’s manufacturing industry, and adopt the Internet of Things, big data and a new generation of labor Intelligent technology solves the problems of quality, efficiency and cost in the manufacture of power batteries and their key materials
.
Organize domestic superior R&D institutions to jointly carry out in-depth basic research on new generation high-capacity lithium ion positive and negative materials and new system batteries represented by lithium polymer batteries, lithium sulfur, lithium air, sodium air, and all-solid-state batteries.
And the research and development of manufacturing technology and technology, forming China's high-value patented technology in the development of next-generation batteries and materials
.
? (2) Fuel cell? The development goal is: by 2035, realize the integration of large-scale hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation and hydrogen use, and realize the standardization and popularization and application of hydrogen storage and hydrogen production models on site at hydrogen refueling stations; independent control The core technology of fuel cell, the establishment of a complete fuel cell industry chain, the large-scale promotion and application of hydrogen energy and fuel cells, and the creation of a market value exceeding one trillion yuan.
Hydrogen vehicles account for 10% to 15% of the total number of powered vehicles.
More than 10% of energy demand
.
After the expansion in 2035, the low-platinum catalyst can guarantee the needs of 5 million fuel cell systems for electrocatalysts, with a production capacity of 50 t/a, while non-platinum catalysts can be tested on-vehicle; ion exchange membranes can guarantee the efficiency of 5 million fuel cell systems If necessary, the annual production capacity will reach 7.
5×107 m2, and the annual production capacity of membrane electrode will reach 7.
5×107 m2
.
The key development tasks are: aiming at the international frontier, and continuing to maintain China's advantages in low-cost alkaline membrane fuel cell research
.
In terms of basic materials, it focuses on the development of new non-precious metal catalysts with high activity density and long life.
Based on transition metals Fe, Co and aza-carbon, innovative catalytic theory is proposed, and a new type of non-precious metal catalyst structure with high volume activity density is proposed, and the scale-up is accelerated.
And to market; continue to maintain the theory, design and process innovation on the alkaline ion exchange membrane, and propose a new process for the preparation of a green and environmentally friendly high-performance and long-life alkaline membrane
.
In the research of preparation process and fuel cell process mechanism, learn from the experience of acidic membrane electrode preparation to develop alkaline membrane electrodes, focusing on the development of environmental air adaptability and water management process control of alkaline membrane electrodes, in order to develop the high performance of the next generation of cheap material systems Lay the foundation for long-life fuel cells
.
Six.
Countermeasures and suggestions? (1) Top-level layout and increase policy support? Improve top-level design and planning, strengthen scientific and technological support, improve relevant system standards and specifications, strengthen capacity building, and achieve strategic coordinated development
.
Give full play to the role of enterprises and scientific research institutes, establish innovative and benign collaboration models, improve the role of research results in promoting the improvement of enterprise production technology, and strengthen the patent layout of core technologies
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Guide the industry to establish product standards, regulate the market, and create a good development environment
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At the same time, at the national level, continue to strengthen funding for scientific research projects, support the development of new energy materials-related technologies, focus on key technical weaknesses, and introduce relevant policies and measures to encourage materials companies to increase R&D investment to make up for technical shortcomings.
Competition in the international market
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? (2) Implement innovation-driven and cultivate superior enterprises? Implement innovation-driven, concentrate industry advantages and resources to coordinate research, give play to the main role of materials companies, increase technological research and development of advanced materials, continue to improve material performance, increase investment in material equipment research and development, and increase production The precision, consistency and reliability of the process will further reduce costs and improve the industry's global competitive advantage
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At the same time, speed up the adjustment of the new energy material industry structure, organizational structure design, and technical structure optimization, cultivate a group of new energy material companies with strong technology, high quality, and industry leadership, continue to promote the integration of industry and finance, and achieve leapfrog development
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? (3) Collaboration and linkage to carry out demonstration platform construction? Strengthen financial support for technological innovation, accelerate the construction of innovation centers through various industrial investment funds and other channels; encourage cutting-edge technologies and commonality through national science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.
) Tackling key technical problems; increasing overseas technical cooperation and introduction
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In addition, carry out production and application demonstration platform construction in key areas of the country, promote industrial transformation and upgrading in an orderly manner, focus on improving application development software and hardware conditions, breakthrough common application technologies in key areas, and achieve the same design, system verification, and batch application of new energy materials and terminal products Collaboration and linkage
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? (4) Flexible use of talents and strengthening of the talent team? Gather high-end talents in the industry and strengthen the construction of talent echelon; strengthen the training of leading science and technology talents and talents in short supply; encourage enterprises to increase relevant investment; implement overseas talent introduction policies to promote international exchanges of talents
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Through flexible use of talents, it gathers the momentum of innovation and development, stimulates the vitality of talent development, improves international competitiveness, and forms an internationalized, talent-aggregated talent pattern
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About the author: Academician Chen Liquan, a special member of the Materials Committee? Chen Liquan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, researcher of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and vice chairman of the Chinese Ceramic Society
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Former vice chairman of the Asian Solid Ion Society
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In 1987, he was awarded the title of "National-level Young and Middle-aged Experts with Outstanding Contributions".
He was awarded the First Prize of National Natural Science, the Special Prize of Science and Technology Progress and the Second Prize of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Battery Materials Association in 2007.

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Academician Chen Liquan took the lead in conducting research on lithium batteries and related materials in China, and successfully developed lithium-ion batteries in China, which solved the scientific, technological and engineering problems of large-scale production of lithium-ion batteries and realized the industrialization of lithium-ion batteries.
"The Father of China's Lithium Battery"
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Academician Chen Liquan was the head and main researcher of high-temperature superconducting materials in the Institute of Physics.
He found signs of 70K superconductivity for the first time, developed a superconductor in the liquid nitrogen temperature range, and announced the material composition for the first time
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Current research topics and prospects: The transition from solid ionology to nanoionology: experimental and theoretical research on the transport characteristics of ions and electrons in nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanofilms)
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Academician Chen Liquan has carried out research on nano-lithium storage alloys and has made great progress in nano-energy storage materials, providing a rich technical reserve for the new development of lithium-ion batteries
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? The physical and chemical processes in lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells and the design, synthesis, characterization, physical and electrochemical properties and applications of related materials
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Design and synthesize lithium-ion battery-related materials to provide material guarantee for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries, research and development of power batteries for electric vehicles
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Academician Chen Liquan has begun to carry out original research on fuel cell materials, with the aim of researching and developing new fuel cells
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? Academician Chen Liquan has published more than 200 papers and declared more than 10 invention patents
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He has made important contributions to the research and industrialization of lithium-ion batteries and the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials in the liquid nitrogen temperature zone .