World Bowel Health Day, May 29th, About Gut Health! These research results must be seen!

May 29 is World Bowel Health Day, in this article, the small compilation of scientists published a number of research results, together focus on intestinal health, and learn with you! Photo Credit: laneyoigofmmwx.wikidot.com:Cell: Keoneto diet changes gut microbiome and gut immune system doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.027 A low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet has attracted public attention in recent years because it is thought to reduce inflammation, promote weight loss and heart health, and a recent study of a small group of volunteers at the University of California, San Francisco, found that the ketogenic diet had a significant impact on the human gut microbiomeOther experiments in mice have shown that the so-called "ketonebody" -- a molecular by-product of the name "ketogenic diet" -- directly affects the gut microbiome and may eventually inhibit inflammation, suggesting that ketones may be beneficial as a treatment for intestinal autoimmune disordersIn the ketogenic diet, carbohydrate consumption is significantly reduced to force the body to change its metabolism, using fat molecules rather than carbohydrates as the main source of energy -- the production of ketones as a by-product -- and proponents of this shift claim to have many health benefitsIn a recent study published in the journal Cell, researchers recruited 17 adult, overweight or obese non-diabetic male patients to stay in metabolic wards for two months, where their diet and exercise levels were carefully monitored and controlledHighlights of the study include: the ketogenic diet changes the gut microbiome differently than the high-fat diet; part of the changes in the gut microbes caused by the ketogenic diet are driven by the production of ketones in the host body; beta-hydroxybutyric acid selectively inhibits the growth of Bifidobacteria; and the gut microbiome associated with vitamin D lowers levels of th17 cellsCell Rep: Deep profiling! Aging and diet may alter the protein group properties of the body's intestinal epithelial cells! Doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107565 In a recent study published in the international journal Cell Reports, scientists from the Fritz-Lipman Institute-Lebniz Institute for Aging in Germany found that aging and diet may lead to changes in protein groups in intestinal epithelial cellsThe small intestine is one of the most important contact surfaces between the body and the environment, which is mainly responsible for nutrient absorption, but also can form a barrier against potentially harmful environmental factors, in this study, the researchers analyzed the effects of aging and diet on the age and aging mouse body intestinal epithelial cells, the researchers revealed the effects of regional specificity on proteomics and the age-related damage associated with the nutritional effects, the results of the study or to clarify the mouse body's small intestine protein group spatial structure provides a complete pictureSmall intestine has two main functions, the first is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the food we eat, and second, it can play a barrier function to limit harmful substances into the body, small intestine is a highly adaptable and dynamic organ, it can constantly adapt to nutritional intake and dietary changes, small intestine epithelial cells will undergo a continuous update process every 3-5 daysResearchers have now shed light on the effects of aging and diet on the function of the small intestine, which is known to reduce the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine and lead to malnutrition in older adults, and the researchers know anatomical differences in different regions of the small intestine, but so far the researchers do not know the regional effects of aging and diet on specific types of protein subgroups that make up the epithelial cells of the small intestineNat Microbiol: Gene expression doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0659-3 Recently, scientists from the German Cancer Research Center and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have demonstrated that enteric bacteria affect THE expression of DNA in intestinal mucosa cells, which can have a significant impact on the development of the gut and the inflammatory responseExtensive research has shown that the gut microbiome and its composition are associated with a range of diseases, such as inflammatory diseases from the intestinal tract, metabolic diseases, cancer, autism and depressionHowever, these studies usually show only a correlation between the two, and it is not clear how gut microbes affect the occurrence of diseaseIn response, Frank Lyko of the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) and Yehudit Bergman from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem tried to solve the problemIn the study, the researchers compared the DNA modification of intestinal mucosa cells in mice with normal microbiomes and mice that grew under sterile conditionsThey focused on DNA methylationThe researchers noted that there were significant differences in the dna methylation patterns of intestinal epithelial cells between sterile and microbially bred animalsIn the latter, they found a set of "outpost genes" activated by demethylation, which are responsible for the normal regeneration of the intestinal mucosa in the healthy intestine J Func Foods: Algae contributes to intestinal health: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103738 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the most widely distributed and growing rapidly in the world Algae plants, one of nature's most studied in the lab, recently studied the effects of eating Rheincobacteria and demonstrated that they can improve human gastrointestinal diseases associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as diarrhea, bloating and so on, the results were published in the journal Fit Foods The researchers say the algae has been studied for decades, but our study is the first to show its benefits as food to the human body For years, laboratory researchers have been exploring the value of rheine-algae as a drug and biofuel Now, they have found that the algae can improve human health as a nutritional food additive Preliminary data from the mouse study showed that the consumption of Rheincopha significantly reduced the rate of weight loss in mice with acute colitis Based on these results, the researchers set out to test whether human volunteers had similar effects when they ate algae Volunteers ate a spoonful of powdered Rhine-based algae daily and observed their gastrointestinal health for up to a month Cell: The nervous system or play a key role in fighting intestinal infections: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.016 The peaceful and delicate coexistence between the friendly gut flora and the immune system relies on a highly coordinated exchange of information between immune cells and intestinal wall cells, a study published in the international journal Cell found, by scientists at Yale University, that two special types of cells or antimicrobial compounds that are dangerous to fight the body's infections In response to bacterial invaders, nerve cells in the gut (not intestinal cells or immune cells) may release cytokines that fight infections, the researchers said, and the findings may help shed light on how the body responds to bacterial infections that cause food poisoning and other diseases 'We think that the immune system's cells and the intestinal barrier cells can coordinate with each other to ward off the body's foreign invaders by mobilizing the production of antibacterial proteins, but this story is not true, and the body's nervous system tells the barrier cells what to do,' said researcher Professor Richard Flavell In the fight against intestinal pathogens, the "infantry" has been shown to be the leukocyte interleukin-18 molecule (IL-18) in the immune system, which confirms part of the body's immune system Photo Credit: CC0 Public Domain 6 Nature: Insomnia interferes with the body's gut health, causing a variety of health problems such as inflammatory bowel disease: 10.1038/s41586-019-1579-3 It is well known that people who work night shifts or travel across different time zones are more likely to become more likely to become In a recent study published in the international journal Nature, scientists from Portugal found a group of type 3 natural lymphocytes (ILC3s, Group 3 innate lymphoid cells) in the gut that are closely related to intestinal health, or are regulated by the brain's circadian clock Sleep deprivation or changing sleep habits can have serious consequences for the body's health, leading to a range of diseases, often linked to the immune system, such as inflammatory bowel disease ILC3s is the body's main regulator of inflammation, infection, microbial composition and body metabolism, and its neuronal cells can interact with the discontinuous mucous membrane site to trigger the mucous membrane defense mechanism, but at present, researchers do not know how the neuroimmune circuit at the body level, the integration of external environmental signals to regulate the ILC3 response 7: Drinking red wine or improving gut microbiodiversity Enhances the body's gut health reduces the risk of obesity: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.024 In a recent study published in the international journal Gastroenterology, scientists from King's College London found that people who drank red wine had a lower risk of micro-biological and lower levels of gut health than those who did not drink red wine In the article, researchers studied 916 British female twins and analyzed the effects of beer, apple juice, red wine, liquor and spirits on their gut microbiome Researchers say that the diversity of the gut microbiome in individuals who drink red wine is higher than in people who don't drink red wine, and that the phenomenon has not been observed in people who drink white wine, beer or spirits, and Dr Caroline Le Roy said that while we have long known that red wine has many unexplained benefits to the health of the body, the results suggest that moderate intake of red wine is closely related to the body's health and the diversity of gut microbiomes, which may explain the long-standing debate about the effects of red wine Nat Med: Special antibodies in breast milk or protection from deadly babies from deadly intestinal disease doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0480-9 recently, published in the international journal Medicine Nature Scientists from the University of Pittsburgh and others have found that a special antibody in breast milk may inhibit necrotizing small intestine colitis (NEC, NECrotizing enterocolitis), a deadly bacterial intestinal disease in premature babies The researchers say that the more bacteria in the gut that bind to bacteria in the gut, the more bacteria that bind to IgA, and the less likely a baby is to develop NEC, and that since premature babies only get IgA from breast milk in the first few weeks of life, the researchers stressed the importance of breastfeeding during this period, said researcher Professor Hand Timothy Nature: Heavyweight! A unique intestinal stem cell renewable damaged intestinal doi was identified: 10.1038/s41586-019-1154-y intestinal epithelial replacement is driven by the pluripotent LGR5-hidden base column cell (crypt-base column, cell) located at the bottom of the crypto-nest area However, the CBC will be lost after damage caused by radiation, etc., but the intestinal epithelial can still be restored As a result, a second group of stationary "plus 4" cells, or reserve stem cells (reserve stem cell, RSC), have been proposed to regenerate the damaged intestine Although CBC and RSC are considered mutually exclusive, subsequent studies have found that LGR5 plus CBC expresss RSC markers, and that RSC is optional, while LGR5 plus cells are necessary to repair damaged intestines In addition, it has been found that the progenitor cells of absorbent intestinal epithelial cells, secreted cells, and slow-cycle LGR5 plus cells have helped to promote regeneration, compared with the transcription regulator YAP1, which plays an important role in intestinal regeneration, has been proposed to induce LGR5 plus cells to produce survival phenotypes Therefore, it is still unknown whether cell plasticity or different cell populations are critical to intestinal regeneration In a new study, researchers from Mount Sinai Hospital in Canada, the University of Toronto and mcGill University Health Center Institute used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the intestines of regenerative mice and identify a unique type of static cell that can be activated by damage, known as resuscitated stem cells (revival cell, revSC), and the results were published in the journal Nature JEM: Identifying a key protein that promotes the development of the infant's intestinal defense mechanism: 10.1084/jem.20181604 In a recent study published in the international journal The Journal of Medicine, scientists from Hokkaido University found a special protein that is important for the development of the immune system and antibodies in the body's mouse immune system, and the results of the study may help understand the intestinal defense mechanisms of the baby The researchers say this particular intestinal protein is important for newborn mice to fight infections in the body, or to help understand the molecular mechanisms of the body's intestinal immune system development after weaning Intestinal tissue is constantly exposed to potentially harmful bacteria that come with exposed foods, and the gut is also a natural intestinal flora that helps the body fight off pathogens and produce vitamins To maintain a healthy balance, the micro-pleatcells (M cells, microfold cells) cells in the intestines absorb antigens, i.e exogenous molecules from outside the body, which induce the production of antibodies that bind and neutralise pathogens (BioValleyBioon.com) Bio Valley For More Great Counts! 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