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Image: Tsetse flies suck blood
Parents face a trade-off between dedicating resources to their offspring or using them to improve their chances of survival and thus have more offspring
This pattern of increases and decreases in distribution to offspring is seen in many mammals, birds and insects
Together with colleagues from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the research team studied the lifespan of tsetse fly mothers in the laboratory
Tsetse flies live on blood, which is plentiful but difficult to obtain
"We hope that parents have evolved optimal patterns of resource allocation to maximise their reproductive success," said the study's lead author Dr Antoine Barreaux,
Dr Sinead English, from the University of Bristol's School of Biological Sciences, who led the research team, added: "Our model predicts for the first time an initial increase and subsequent decrease in parental allocation of resources to their children.
This mathematical model applies to all animals that have more than one offspring in their lifetime
It predicts what strategic choices individuals will make based on their ecological environment
"We hope this theory will inspire future tests with data from long-term studies of wild populations such as red deer, bison or terns
The team is developing models that include parasites transmitted by tsetse flies
