Why does a large number of old grain auctions have little impact on grain prices?

Introduction: since last year, China's grain price has remained stable, but under the price "Pinghu", a "Bermuda black hole" of demand seems to be forming E8f, on the one hand, there are frequent grain bidding fairs across the country, with a large number of central reserve grain and aged grain flowing into the market, and the supply of grain across the country has increased significantly; on the other hand, domestic wheat, corn and rice prices have not fluctuated in a large range, and some varieties have increased slightly No matter how much e8f is supplied, the phenomenon of "take orders and collect all", makes the insiders feel strange "I think the grain problem is terrible," said Jiao Chunwei, manager of the trading department of Zhengzhou grain wholesale trading market "Last year, we auctioned so many grains The price of grains is still very strong If we don't auction so many grains, the relationship between supply and demand will be very tense." Jiao Chunwei said that the national wheat production has been reduced for three consecutive years Last year, the national wheat production was 86 million tons, and the annual consumption was between 110 million and 120 million tons, with a gap of more than 30 million tons Therefore, from a deep level perspective, without the auction of these grains, the national grain price might rise a lot Why did e8f grain auction frequently hold the gavel? Yang Guangjing, from the Information Department of Tianjin grain wholesale market, said, "at the beginning of 2002, there was a large proportion of stored grain produced in 1997 and before in all parts of the country, and problems such as large-scale aging, hard to store and urgent rotation of grain need to be dealt with At the same time, the number and proportion of grain are still increasing In the face of such a severe food security situation, the policy of grain governor responsibility system makes the pressure of local government increase day by day They are bound to reduce the financial burden by means of sales promotion and actively dealing with aged grain and aged grain In particular, China has just joined the WTO, and its understanding of the international grain situation is not clear The grain sector believes that China's grain market will be impacted to a large extent Therefore, in 2002, the national and local grain sectors actively carried out the activities of dealing with and selling a large number of aged grain and aged grain " According to Qiu Qinglong, general manager of the market's comprehensive department, they held four competitive fairs last year, which sold more than 4 million tons of grain It can be said that last year was a year when the state concentrated on processing "a, 506" grain and aging grain E8f "a word, 506" is a code of national grain reserve In the early 1960s, facing the severe political and economic environment, the state decided to reserve a batch of grain to "prepare for war and famine" The number "a" is for war preparation, and "506" is for disaster relief and famine relief Since then, this part of the reserve grain has been constantly rotated This part of the "a-grain and 506" grain handled last year were all war preparation grain stored by the state between 1989 and 1991, and the last batch of "a-grain and 506" grain Since then, the National Grain Reserve will be called "China's national grain reserve" E8f according to the reporter, Anhui grain wholesale market auctioned 250000 tons of National Grain Reserve in the form of competitive trading last year; in the main grain selling area, Guangdong South China grain center wholesale market held four grain competitive trading fairs last year, with a total of about 500000 tons of grain traded, and Fuzhou grain wholesale market also held 10 tons last year In the second auction, 335000 tons of grain were auctioned, with a turnover rate of more than 90% Professor Li Siheng, consultant of the expert group of the State Grain Administration and researcher of the China Grain economic society, explained to reporters the reasons for accelerating the pace of grain auction in China from a policy perspective In his opinion, in 1984 and 1986, China raised grain prices twice, and since 1998, it has implemented the policy of "purchasing farmers' grain at the protected price and selling the stored grain at a lower price (that is, the selling price is higher than the original purchase price)." , the funds for grain purchase should be closed to operate and reform the "three items and one reform" policy of grain enterprises At that time, the price of grain purchase and protection was much higher than the market price Farmers were willing to sell grain to the state, and some of the grain was not marketable Therefore, the state could not sell the grain received from the warehouse, so it became stale grain Part of the state's Grain Reserve is within the state plan, and the other part is that the purchased grain is temporarily converted into reserve because it cannot be sold out, which causes the state's Grain Reserve to exceed the demand a lot Last year, there were two parts of the grain sold One part was the normal "pushing the old and storing the new" The other part was the grain purchased at a high price from 1996 to 1998 It was difficult to sell it at a lower price However, this part of grain has become an old grain It has lost a lot of nutrients and cannot be eaten It can only be used as alcohol and feed E8f: why can't the price of grain keep up with e8f? Because most of the grain auctioned last year was aged grain and aged grain (worse quality and lower nutrition than aged grain), many of them can't be used as rations, so most of them can only be used as raw materials for making feed and alcohol As a result, despite the continuous flow of food into the market, the price of rations is still calm E8f     In addition, the domestic grain output has been in deficit for three consecutive years, but the demand has remained stable; internationally, the main grain exporting countries in the world, such as the United States and Canada, have suffered from drought, and the international grain price has increased A large number of low-priced grain sold at home has become an invisible barrier to prevent the import of grain, so the imported grain last year was not much, and the grain sold by the country just made up for the lack of market Mouth E8f is affected by the stable and even slightly rising grain prices in the market Many domestic grain wholesale markets have held competitive trading fairs, which have achieved good results Many grains involved in the trading have been traded at prices nearly double the starting price Wang Tao, the wholesale market trading department of Guangdong South China grain center, told reporters that they had the most successful rice auction fair, starting at 560 yuan / ton, resulting in a maximum of 1200 yuan / ton; there was another peanut oil auction, starting at 3000 yuan / ton, resulting in a maximum of 6000 yuan / ton The momentum is so good On the one hand, there are more customers participating in the bidding On the other hand, there is no hidden box operation The enthusiasm of customers is very high, and many grain enterprises from other provinces are attracted to participate in the bidding Dong Zengyu, information center of Anhui Grain Bureau, introduced that in 2002, the sale of state stored grain in Anhui grain wholesale market was also successful Taking glutinous rice as an example, the bottom price of the auction was 600 yuan / ton, and the highest price could be 1200 yuan / ton E8f the state's ability to adjust and control grain prices highlights e8f It is understood that at present, the state's Grain Reserve is divided into two parts: one is the central grain reserve, which is directly managed by China National Grain Reserve Management Corporation; the other is the Provincial Grain Reserve, which is managed by the provincial governments Generally, the Provincial Grain Reserve is used first, and then the National Grain Reserve In addition, there is also a part of grain traded between enterprises, which is called commodity turnover grain Professor e8f Li Siheng told reporters that when the state makes a decision to deal with grain aging, it will consider the impact on the market price of grain Last year's situation, on the one hand, a large number of grain reserves can not be disposed of, otherwise the grain will become waste; on the other hand, considering that in recent three years, the domestic grain production has been reduced and the supply gap has increased, the state decided to sell part of the grain reserves to make up the gap and balance the market price This is the so-called macro-control, that is, the use of grain reserves, imports and exports and risk funds to regulate, so that the market price of grain is stable within the range allowed by the state After the grain market is fully opened, the main means of state intervention in the grain market will be this kind of macro-control means E8f According to Professor Li Siheng, the grain market in more than ten provinces has been marketized, the price of grain has been liberalized, and various economic components have been allowed to operate The state will no longer implement the policy of purchasing and protecting the price of grain In addition, some major grain producing areas have not been marketized, such as Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Jiangxi and Anhui However, grain prices in one of the distribution areas in the main production areas have also been liberalized From the perspective of the general trend, it is to promote marketization The state only uses economic means to regulate when necessary, and the time for full liberalization is not far off It was originally planned in 2003 It was fully liberalized in, but in the last year, for the sake of prudence, it could not be fully liberalized before the protection policies for farmers were fully implemented Therefore, it has not been fully liberalized at present, and the grain reform will continue Because in the absence of the protective price policy, once all the food produced by the farmers is liberalized and cannot be sold at a good price, their interests will be damaged How to subsidize farmers after opening up is still in the pilot stage E8f grain enterprises participate in the auction and then go e8f Although domestic grain enterprises enjoy the sweetness through the way of bidding, there is still a contradiction between the interests of grain depots and those of purchasers in the issue of performance after the fair After the grain depot processes the grain to the enterprises at the grain auction fair in accordance with the provisions of the state, at the same time, there is a small amount of state allocated storage cost for this part of grain Therefore, some grain depots try to delay the performance of the contract, so as to continue to get this part of money from the state Therefore, it will be very difficult for the enterprises to get the grain from these grain depots E8f     In response to the problems in these operations, Ms Tang Wei of China Grain Industry Association pointed out that most of the domestic grain enterprises have changed from the traditional means of trading to the form of competitive trading, whose trading must conform to the relevant auction laws and regulations of the state, which requires a learning and adaptation process Therefore, China Grain Industry Association and China Auction Association have held three training courses to organize grain enterprises Study "auction law", let them have their own auctioneers and practitioners, and take the post with certificates, so as to make grain enterprises more standardized in this regard According to the reporter, the State Grain Administration will also issue a regulation on the competitive trading of domestic grain enterprises to regulate the participation of grain enterprises in the competitive trading E8f