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▎The content team editor of WuXi AppTec.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world.
It is estimated that there will be 570,000 new cases in 2018.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) continues to infect and induce canceration of mucosal surface cells, which is the main cause of cervical cancer.
More than 80% of women have had HPV infection at least once in their lives, but more than 90% of HPV infections can be cleared naturally within 2 years, and only a few people will develop cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.
But until now, we haven't fully understood why this small group of people "has been recruited.
"
The latest issue of "The Lancet-Oncology" published an important study.
A team led by scholars from Imperial College London, through data analysis of nearly 300,000 women, revealed that it is related to the increased risk of cervical cancer Three genes and two major behavioral risk factors.
Screenshot source: The Lancet Oncology research team said that previous studies have shown that about 30% of the risk of cervical cancer is hereditary, but this is "the result of the largest genetic association study to date.
" These findings help identify cervical cancer High-risk women, and combine genetic information with cervical cancer screening programs to monitor their health more closely.
In a review article published in the same period of "The Lancet-Oncology", Dr.
Silvia Franceschi from the Italian IRCCS Cancer Center (Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS) said that the genetic features of cervical cancer and HPV will be "a new opportunity for precision medicine.
" ".Image source: 123RF This study analyzed the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of more than 150,000 European women aged 40-69 years in the UK Biobank.
4769 of them had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
) Grade 3 or invasive cervical cancer, 145,545 people were used as control samples.
For the six potential associations discovered, the research team verified it through FinnGen, a Finnish sample database covering 128,000 people.
The results showed that common mutations in the three genes of PAX8 (rs10175462), CLPTM1L (rs27069) and HLA (rs9272050) are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.
HLA genes are related to the immune system response, and related gene mutations may impair the body's ability to resist HPV infection or eliminate cancer cells.
PAX8 and CLPTM1L are genes that help control the human body’s response to early cell canceration and are related to the mechanism of cell apoptosis.
Image source: 123RF In addition, the research team also used two sample databases to conduct Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the role of 62 behavioral risk factors in cervical cancer risk.
The results show that smoking is associated with a 1.
46-fold increase in the risk of cervical cancer, more sexual partners is associated with a nearly doubled risk of cervical cancer, and older age at the first pregnancy is associated with a 20% reduction in the risk of cervical cancer.
A review article in the same period pointed out that more sexual partners means a higher risk of HPV infection, and people who are pregnant for the first time may be sexually exposed earlier.
If HPV infection is not cleared, the infection lasts longer.
These findings provide new evidence for the genetic susceptibility and high-risk behavioral factors of cervical cancer.
The research team said that although these findings need to be further confirmed by other studies, and the biological impact of each genetic variant on cervical health also needs to be studied in depth, this will help promote future individualized screening and individualized treatment methods.
Image source: 123RF research team introduced in the paper that compared with existing studies in this field, this study newly discovered mutations in the PAX8 and CLPTM1L regions.
Previously, a Swedish population study found that HLA gene mutations are significantly associated with cervical cancer susceptibility, but single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) other than HLA have not been verified in European populations; Chinese population studies have also newly discovered EXOC1 and GSDMB The genetic susceptibility mutation site of the gene, and the Japanese study reported the association with the mutation of the ARRDC3 gene.
Other cervical cancer risk gene studies have explored multiple gene regions related to immune function, cell cycle control, DNA repair and other carcinogenic processes, and have also found some genetic associations, but these findings have not yet been verified by large cohort studies.
In future studies, the research team will further quantify the specific extent of the increased risk of cervical cancer caused by carrying these genetic variants.
The first author of the study, Dr.
Sarah Bowden, Department of Oncology Surgery, Imperial College London, further pointed out that “genetic information may also promote the use of new drugs.
At present, if a woman is diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions, she can choose to'watch and wait'.
This means regular inspections or surgical removal of part of the cervix.
But if we learn more about the interaction between genetics and HPV, we may be able to develop new drugs to treat these lesions.
At the same time, HPV vaccines worldwide The popularization of HPV should still be a public health priority for the prevention of HPV-related cancers.
” The same review article also believes that with the popularization of cervical cancer screening, access to HPV infection and cervical samples is improving, and more large-scale cervical cancers will be promoted in the future.
Genome research.
"A deeper understanding of the interaction of the genomic and epigenetic characteristics of HPV and HPV-related cancers is likely to lead to new prognostic markers and treatment targets.
"Related reading: What are the differences in the carcinogenic risks of 13 different HPV subtypes? The National Cancer Institute "Lancet" sub-published data on 10,000 people, a better choice for cervical cancer screening in China! Experts from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences lead a major study The results announced the first immunotherapy with overall survival better than chemotherapy! The Phase 3 trial of innovative cervical cancer therapy terminated two articles "The Lancet-Oncology": Therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer and ovarian cancer are progressing positively, and gynecological tumor immunotherapy is initiated.
"Window of Opportunity" reference [1] Sarah J Bowden, et al.
, (2021).
Genetic variation in cervical preinvasive and invasive disease: a genome-wide association study.
The Lancet Oncology, DOI: https://doi.
org /10.
1016/S1470-2045(21)00028-0[2] Silvia Franceschi, et al.
, (2021).
Genomic characterisation of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus: new opportunities for precision medicine.
The Lancet Oncology, DOI: https:/ /doi.
org/10.
1016/S1470-2045(21)00058-9[3] Genes associated with increased risk of cervical cancer identified.
Retrieved March 30, 2021, from 03/icl-gaw032821.
php[4] Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer.
Retrieved March 30, 2021, from Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not a treatment plan recommendation. If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world.
It is estimated that there will be 570,000 new cases in 2018.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) continues to infect and induce canceration of mucosal surface cells, which is the main cause of cervical cancer.
More than 80% of women have had HPV infection at least once in their lives, but more than 90% of HPV infections can be cleared naturally within 2 years, and only a few people will develop cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.
But until now, we haven't fully understood why this small group of people "has been recruited.
"
The latest issue of "The Lancet-Oncology" published an important study.
A team led by scholars from Imperial College London, through data analysis of nearly 300,000 women, revealed that it is related to the increased risk of cervical cancer Three genes and two major behavioral risk factors.
Screenshot source: The Lancet Oncology research team said that previous studies have shown that about 30% of the risk of cervical cancer is hereditary, but this is "the result of the largest genetic association study to date.
" These findings help identify cervical cancer High-risk women, and combine genetic information with cervical cancer screening programs to monitor their health more closely.
In a review article published in the same period of "The Lancet-Oncology", Dr.
Silvia Franceschi from the Italian IRCCS Cancer Center (Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS) said that the genetic features of cervical cancer and HPV will be "a new opportunity for precision medicine.
" ".Image source: 123RF This study analyzed the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of more than 150,000 European women aged 40-69 years in the UK Biobank.
4769 of them had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
) Grade 3 or invasive cervical cancer, 145,545 people were used as control samples.
For the six potential associations discovered, the research team verified it through FinnGen, a Finnish sample database covering 128,000 people.
The results showed that common mutations in the three genes of PAX8 (rs10175462), CLPTM1L (rs27069) and HLA (rs9272050) are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.
HLA genes are related to the immune system response, and related gene mutations may impair the body's ability to resist HPV infection or eliminate cancer cells.
PAX8 and CLPTM1L are genes that help control the human body’s response to early cell canceration and are related to the mechanism of cell apoptosis.
Image source: 123RF In addition, the research team also used two sample databases to conduct Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the role of 62 behavioral risk factors in cervical cancer risk.
The results show that smoking is associated with a 1.
46-fold increase in the risk of cervical cancer, more sexual partners is associated with a nearly doubled risk of cervical cancer, and older age at the first pregnancy is associated with a 20% reduction in the risk of cervical cancer.
A review article in the same period pointed out that more sexual partners means a higher risk of HPV infection, and people who are pregnant for the first time may be sexually exposed earlier.
If HPV infection is not cleared, the infection lasts longer.
These findings provide new evidence for the genetic susceptibility and high-risk behavioral factors of cervical cancer.
The research team said that although these findings need to be further confirmed by other studies, and the biological impact of each genetic variant on cervical health also needs to be studied in depth, this will help promote future individualized screening and individualized treatment methods.
Image source: 123RF research team introduced in the paper that compared with existing studies in this field, this study newly discovered mutations in the PAX8 and CLPTM1L regions.
Previously, a Swedish population study found that HLA gene mutations are significantly associated with cervical cancer susceptibility, but single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) other than HLA have not been verified in European populations; Chinese population studies have also newly discovered EXOC1 and GSDMB The genetic susceptibility mutation site of the gene, and the Japanese study reported the association with the mutation of the ARRDC3 gene.
Other cervical cancer risk gene studies have explored multiple gene regions related to immune function, cell cycle control, DNA repair and other carcinogenic processes, and have also found some genetic associations, but these findings have not yet been verified by large cohort studies.
In future studies, the research team will further quantify the specific extent of the increased risk of cervical cancer caused by carrying these genetic variants.
The first author of the study, Dr.
Sarah Bowden, Department of Oncology Surgery, Imperial College London, further pointed out that “genetic information may also promote the use of new drugs.
At present, if a woman is diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions, she can choose to'watch and wait'.
This means regular inspections or surgical removal of part of the cervix.
But if we learn more about the interaction between genetics and HPV, we may be able to develop new drugs to treat these lesions.
At the same time, HPV vaccines worldwide The popularization of HPV should still be a public health priority for the prevention of HPV-related cancers.
” The same review article also believes that with the popularization of cervical cancer screening, access to HPV infection and cervical samples is improving, and more large-scale cervical cancers will be promoted in the future.
Genome research.
"A deeper understanding of the interaction of the genomic and epigenetic characteristics of HPV and HPV-related cancers is likely to lead to new prognostic markers and treatment targets.
"Related reading: What are the differences in the carcinogenic risks of 13 different HPV subtypes? The National Cancer Institute "Lancet" sub-published data on 10,000 people, a better choice for cervical cancer screening in China! Experts from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences lead a major study The results announced the first immunotherapy with overall survival better than chemotherapy! The Phase 3 trial of innovative cervical cancer therapy terminated two articles "The Lancet-Oncology": Therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer and ovarian cancer are progressing positively, and gynecological tumor immunotherapy is initiated.
"Window of Opportunity" reference [1] Sarah J Bowden, et al.
, (2021).
Genetic variation in cervical preinvasive and invasive disease: a genome-wide association study.
The Lancet Oncology, DOI: https://doi.
org /10.
1016/S1470-2045(21)00028-0[2] Silvia Franceschi, et al.
, (2021).
Genomic characterisation of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus: new opportunities for precision medicine.
The Lancet Oncology, DOI: https:/ /doi.
org/10.
1016/S1470-2045(21)00058-9[3] Genes associated with increased risk of cervical cancer identified.
Retrieved March 30, 2021, from 03/icl-gaw032821.
php[4] Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer.
Retrieved March 30, 2021, from Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not a treatment plan recommendation. If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
