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The Tokyo Olympics brought the fastest races ever on the track
.
In an astonishing number of competitions, athletes are breaking their personal best as well as national, Olympic and world records——
Elaine Thompson Hera set a new Olympic record in the women's 100m race, breaking the record set by Florence Griffith Joyner 33 years ago
.
The world records in the men's 400-meter hurdles and women's 400-meter hurdles were broken by Carsten Warholm and Sydney McLaughlin respectively
.
In these two events, the silver medalist's running speed also surpassed the previous world record
What happened differently in this Olympics? Part of the answer can be found by looking down at the athlete's feet
.
If you look closely, you may find some new technologies called "super spikes" and a high-tech track
.
Recently, track spikes—shoes with nails on the soles that give runners grip—similar changes have taken place in performance-enhancing technology, which has previously replaced marathon racing shoes
.
In 2017, the marathon "super shoes" first appeared in Nike's Vaporfly 4% shoes.
Similar to its counterparts in Super Shoes, Super Spikes combine soft, elastic foam with a hard, curved carbon fiber board
.
The exact benefits of super spikes are difficult to quantify, but each ingredient may play a role
Traditionally, shoe spikes have been trying to reduce the amount of midsole foam to reduce weight and energy absorption
.
However, the new technology is lighter, and the new foam can give back energy to the athletes more than the previous foam, with a feedback rate of 80% to 90%
The role of carbon fiber board is not so clear
.
Studies have shown that reinforcing track nails will reduce energy loss when the toes are bent
Another new technology that helps to increase the speed of Tokyo athletes is the track
.
Although this track looks like a regular track, the company behind it, Mondo, spent three years developing this track specifically for Tokyo in 2020
The research on the engineering track surface began as early as 1978, when it was discovered that the homeopathic and elastic track surface can shorten the time by 2.
9%
.
Although the exact amount of savings at the Tokyo circuit is unclear, its developers say that compared to previous Olympic circuits, the Tokyo circuit can be shortened by up to 2%
Although it is easy to attribute the record-breaking time solely to the new spikes and track technology, other factors are also at play
.
Due to the new crown epidemic, the Olympics have been postponed for one year, which may actually benefit some athletes and give them more time to train
.
Other more variable factors, such as the weather, can affect the performance of athletes on any given day
.
Most importantly, we cannot ignore the effort and talent of the athletes participating in these competitions
.
This may just be because we got a particularly talented harvest this year
.
Overall, Tokyo’s record-breaking time may be a combination of all the above factors, including new shoes, fast tracks and extremely talented athletes
.
