Who will store grain in the market

Introduction: new page 1 after the marketization of grain purchase and sale, who will store grain to ensure the perennial supply of the society? The author puts forward this question and makes the following analysis KLN first, let's take a look at grain enterprises In the past, China carried out a planned economy Since 1983, the "two track system" operation has been carried out Later, the "two line operation" and the "three policies" of price liberalization have been implemented Grain is stored by state-owned grain enterprises The government grants subsidies for storage expenses, and the enterprise's operational risks are shared by the government and the enterprise After the market-oriented reform of grain purchase and sale, the original preferential policies of the state for the grain purchase and sale enterprises after the reform will no longer exist The grain purchase and sale enterprises will not have the conditions for social grain reserves (mainly funds), and the operators will not have the responsibilities and obligations (mainly costs) in this respect, and the operators will not be willing to bear the operational risks (mainly profits) Therefore, in the absence of financial subsidies, it is neither realistic nor reliable to rely on the reformed grain purchase and sale enterprises to undertake the social grain reserve for the annual consumption of the whole society The provinces and cities that have been successively liberalized are enough to prove this Guangdong is a large province with tens of millions of people The grain reserves of the former state-owned grain circulation enterprises are only 1 billion jin The purchase volume of Qingyan and Weiwei, which were first liberalized in our province, fell by more than 30% last year As the main channel of grain circulation enterprises in the past, there are not enough grain management enterprises with other economic components and other natures Secondly, KLN cannot be satisfied by national and local reserves The establishment and improvement of the national grain reserve system and the increase of the central and local grain reserves are necessary for the protection of China's grain security, which is also one of the main measures we have taken at present But it can't solve the need of social normal turnover reserve First, the scale of reserves is restricted by the financial resources of the government, not unlimited Second, even if the government's financial resources are reached, the government's large-scale storage of grain will not be economically worthwhile Custody fee plus rotation fee is not a small financial expenditure, which can not be achieved in the current financial situation According to the actual calculation of FAO for many years, it is safe for a country's food reserves to reach 17% - 18% of the annual consumption of the next food year At present, the central and local reserves have basically reached this scale Therefore, it is also unrealistic to increase national and local reserves to solve consumption KLN reserve The third one is to store food for the people This is the approach taken over the past years and has achieved good results The so-called storing grain for the people is actually storing grain for the farmers The biggest negative effect is that the price of food is falling and the grain price is hurting the farmers At present, the development of rural economy lags behind, the growth of farmers' income slows down, and farmers' grain can not be realized smoothly, so it is difficult to maintain simple grain reproduction, which will cause the shrinking of grain field area and the reduction of grain output, which is very dangerous Therefore, in view of the current rural situation, it is not suitable to carry out grain storage for the people The price of grain in a country should not fluctuate too much, especially the sharp rise and fall, which is harmful to the production of grain, people's life, the development of national economy and even the stability of the whole society After the marketization of grain purchase and sale, we can learn from the practices of some developed countries in Europe on how to achieve storage adjustment, ensure perennial supply and maintain stable grain prices First, the government should increase agricultural investment, reform subsidies, improve food quality and stabilize food production The government's direct subsidy to agricultural input and food producers is permitted by WTO rules and is also a common practice in developed countries With the opening of grain purchase and sale market, the state can increase the financial investment in grain production, and give direct or indirect subsidies from the basic construction of farmland and water conservancy, the transformation of agricultural machinery, the cultivation of fine varieties, the introduction and promotion of advanced planting technology, and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests We will promote scientific research and progress in grain planting technology and raise the level of grain planting technology In the past, the subsidy system for grain production has been reformed from implicit to explicit, and from indirect to direct According to different periods, different regions and different varieties of resting conditions, different policies should be formulated to encourage and suppress For example, the current implementation of returning farmland to forest, grass, lake, etc We will promote the adjustment of agricultural planting structure through regulations, policy norms, market guidance, subsidies and support In combination with the reform of tax and fee and the reform of rural management system, we should lighten the burden of farmers, increase the income of grain production, stimulate grain production, and maintain a reasonable production of the whole society The second is to establish and improve the market system, cultivate and improve the market function, and promote the smooth logistics The goal of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is to establish a socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics After several years of efforts, China's market economy has begun to take shape However, the reform of grain circulation system is relatively backward, the grain market system is not perfect, and the market function is not perfect In the future, the government should work hard to establish a national and local grain market system, especially the grain wholesale market, focus on cultivating and improving the grain market function, and promote the formation of the national grain wholesale market Break the regional blockade, truly ensure the smooth logistics and give full play to the regulatory role of the market KLN 3 is to implement grain storage subsidies and actively promote the trestle system In Western European countries, the direct storage of food by the government is not much, but more is entrusted storage and some subsidies to the depositors And the grain operators rarely have their own storage facilities, generally in the form of cooperatives They use the way of trestle system to store grain, and the lessors collect the trestle fee The government and the farmers sign contracts to clarify their responsibilities and obligations in the form of laws, and the government gives certain subsidies to producers and operators While producers and operators store a certain amount of grain according to the requirements of the government in different periods, and settle subsidies with the government regularly according to the amount, time and standard of storage We should use this method for reference when we realize the marketization of grain prices Establish a group of grain management enterprises with a certain scale of operation, economic strength and good reputation, sign contracts with them, and give them a certain amount of subsidies to maintain a certain amount of inventory In this way, it not only solves the reasonable turnover inventory of enterprise management, but also solves the social storage of grain to ensure the normal supply of the market As the current state-owned grain storage enterprises, they can be reorganized first and then reformed to form a certain scale of operation, which lays a foundation for carrying out the trestle rent system in the future For the large-scale planting households, at present, there is no scale in China, not to mention the strength of a large amount of grain storage With the transfer of the right to the contracted use of rural land, it will be implemented when conditions are ripe KLN 4 is to develop the futures market, promote the contract economy, and foster market integrity It has been more than ten years since the first national grain futures market was established in Zhengzhou, Henan Province in 1989, during which Dalian futures market appeared In the future, the government should promote the development of futures market and establish futures markets of different regions and varieties And further improve laws and regulations, promote the construction of contract economy and market integrity, develop contract economy and improve the market integrity of the whole society In today's market economy, the lack of futures market is an incomplete market A market without integrity is an immature market By developing the futures market, improving the credibility of the market, promoting the contract economy, making grain producers, operators and processors with grain as raw materials better and more effective communication, connection, cooperation and cooperation, making production and operation more planned, and enhancing the ability to jointly avoid operational risks So that the grain producers understand the market as early as possible, sign contracts as early as possible, dare to produce and reduce the planting risk Grain operators dare to let go of the operation, and all links dare to store grain, so as to ensure the effective supply of the society throughout the year KLN KLN