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Who are at high risk of arthritis? How can it be prevented? Professor Li Fen will take you to clarify in one article!

 Last Update: 2022-10-20
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and listen to the field of experts, telling about the high risk of arthritis and prevention measuresArthritis

is one of the most common chronic joint diseases and the third most disabling disease in the world
。 On the occasion of World Arthritis Day, the "Medical Rheumatology and Immunity Channel" specially invited Professor Li Fen of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University to conduct an in-depth discussion on "high-risk groups and preventive measures for arthritis", aiming to improve the level of arthritis diagnosis and treatment of clinicians in China and help patients further understand the relevant knowledge
of arthritis.

Video

of Professor Li
The five major arthritis - the joints are unhappy, the consequences are very "inflamed" "Joints are very important organs
in our human body.
" Professor Li Fen first emphasized
.
The surface of normal joints is covered with a layer of cartilage, and as we age, the articular cartilage gradually degenerates, wears, and even disappears
.
Arthritis occurs in the joints of the human body and the tissues surrounding it, an inflammatory disease
caused by inflammation, infection, degeneration, trauma, or other factors.

Arthritis is one of the most common chronic diseases, there are more than 100 types, the etiology of arthritis is complex, mainly related
to autoimmune reactions, infection, trauma, degenerative diseases and other factors.
Among them, according to the etiology, the five most common arthritis include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, septic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
.
As the average human life expectancy increases, the incidence of arthritis is increasing, becoming the second most common cause of labor loss after the age of 50, after heart disease
.
Professor Li Fen pointed out that most people over 80 years old suffer from different degrees of arthritis, and 50% of people over 70 years old suffer from arthritis, which shows the large
number of arthritis patients.

Although not a major fatal disease, arthritis can be painful and limited in movement, which greatly affects the quality of life
.
The harms of the five major arthritis are as follows: ▎1.
Osteoarthritis:
joint pain and swelling, limited activity, joint deformation, gradual development of the disease and even inability to walk, affecting the ability to
take care of themselves.
▎2, rheumatoid arthritis: on average 10-15 years, up to 50% of patients inevitably have joint deformities, and may be secondary to other diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, anemia, atherosclerosis, interstitial pneumonia, nervous system diseases, etc
.
▎3.
Gouty arthritis: it can lead to joint deformity, uric acid kidney stones, gouty interstitial nephritis, gouty renal failure, and easy to combine diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia cerebral arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, etc
.
▎4.
Septic arthritis: if the condition is more serious and delayed, it may lead to joint deformity in a short time, and systemic infection and poisoning symptoms, including persistent high fever, sepsis, etc
.
▎5.
Ankylosing spondylitis: the continuous development of the disease will cause spinal rigidity, hunchback, resulting in difficulty walking, squatting, toileting, and even loss of self-care ability, complications include ocular uveitis, lung lesions, heart aortic valve disease, etc
.
"Arthritis seriously affects an individual's quality of life and, in severe cases, causes disability
.
For China, which has a large population base, the increase in the number of arthritis has brought a heavy burden to the country's health care and pension problems, so it is urgent to pay attention to arthritis at both the individual and national levels
.
Professor Li Fen emphasized
.

Who is "favored" by arthritis – people at high risk of arthritis

Osteoarthritis^[1].

1.
Elderly women: The prevalence of primary osteoarthritis in different ages of people aged 40 and above in China are: 30.
1% (40~49 years old), 48.
7% (50~59 years old), 62.
2% (60~69 years old) and 62.
1% (over 70 years old), Among them, the prevalence and risk of osteoarthritis in women are significantly higher than those in men
.

2.
Obese people: overweight and obesity will change the joint mechanical environment, the greater the weight, the greater the joint stress, in addition, overweight and obesity can lead to uneven force, so that the joint degeneration
。 In addition to mechanical wear and tear caused by obesity, obesity with systemic metabolic abnormalities can also affect the nutrition and metabolism
of cartilage.

3.
Excessive exercise: ultra-intensity, unscientific excessive exercise, excessive frequency, and incorrect posture will cause chronic joint damage, have an immeasurable impact on muscles and bones, and aggravate the wear of joint cartilage
。
4.
Sedentary: Maintaining the same posture for long-term desk work and long-term head lowering can easily cause degeneration of intervertebral joint cartilage and further cause cervical spondylosis
.

5.
Frequent use of hands: Long-term frequent use of hands, such as knitting sweaters and cross stitching, greatly increases the probability of suffering from distal interdigital arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis

1.
Women: Rheumatoid arthritis has a "female over male" bias, and the ratio of female patients to male patients is about 3:1
.

2.
Genetic predisposition: rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease controlled by genetic factors, and genetic susceptibility accounts for a large part of the disease, so if there are rheumatoid arthritis patients in the family, the risk
of disease will increase.

3.
Smoking, cold: do not pay attention to joint warmth in winter, greedy cold in summer against the cold air conditioner, these stimuli will increase the incidence of
rheumatoid arthritis.
In addition, smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis, and studies have found that smokers have a 2~4 times higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis than non-smokers ^[2].

Gouty arthritis

1.
Living habits: Drinking, milk tea, takeaway, hot pot, staying up late, these living habits that are prevalent among young people are risk factors
for gout.
People who regularly consume excessive amounts of purines, proteins, high-calorie foods and alcohol abuse have significantly higher
incidence of gout.
In addition, statistics show that eating a hot pot is several times or even dozens of times
higher than the purine ingested by a meal.

2.
Obesity: According to statistics, the average weight of gout patients exceeds the standard weight by 17.
8%, and the larger the human surface area, the higher
the serum uric acid level.
Once uric acid rises above a certain range, crystals will form and lead to the onset of gouty arthritis ^[3].

3.
Genetic predisposition: gout has a significant genetic tendency
.
According to the statistics of Western scholars, among the offspring of parents or mothers suffering from gout, the incidence of gout is 50%~60%, while the incidence of gout in ordinary people is only 0.
3%.

ankylosing spondylitis

1.
Young men: mostly occurs in men, and the age between 20-30 years old is a high incidence period
.

2.
Genetic predisposition: HLA-B27 positive patients may suffer from ankylosing spondylitis after dysentery, diarrhea or urinary tract infection, especially patients with a family history of this are more likely to have a higher
incidence of disease.

Prevention of Arthritis "For different causes of arthritis, there are different preventive measures, and the existing level of cognition can only achieve a certain degree of prevention
。 Professor Li Fen mentioned
.
Professor Li Fen summarized the most important preventive measures
for several common arthritis.

Osteoarthritis – Controlling exercise intensity and timing is key

For the elderly, strenuous, prolonged exercise
should be avoided.
Professor Li Fen took square dance as an example and mentioned that "square dance is not not to dance, but to dance less, the so-called less dance, is to control the time and intensity, if after the square dance, the discomfort of joint pain can not be quickly relieved within 15 minutes, you need to adjust the intensity and time
of dancing.
" ”

Gouty arthritis – keep your mouth shut and keep it in mind

Eat less foods rich in purines, such as: animal offal, fish and shrimp, beef, beans and other foods, controlled within
500g a week.
Eat more alkaline foods and less acidic foods
.
Patients with gouty arthritis have purine metabolism disorders and uric acid abnormalities
.
If you eat too much acidic food, it will aggravate the condition and is not conducive to recovery
.
Eating more alkaline foods helps to neutralize the acidic environment in the body and increase the excretion of uric acid, thereby preventing the onset
of gouty arthritis.
Drinking more water can increase the excretion of uric acid in the body and reduce uric acid levels
.
Eat more vegetables and less high-calorie foods
.
Eating more vegetables is beneficial to reduce purine intake, increase vitamin C, and increase fiber
.
Eating fewer high-calorie foods is good for calorie control, weight restriction, and fat
reduction.

Rheumatoid arthritis - can you eat "hair"?

Rheumatoid arthritis is mainly related to genetic factors, and studies of specific preventive measures related to it have shown little
effect.

In addition, Professor Li Fen answered
the question of public concern about "whether rheumatoid patients can eat hair".

"First of all, the concept of 'hair' comes from Buddhism and should be a type of food
rich in nutrients (such as protein, fat, sugar, etc.
), or with a certain irritation in taste and smell.
As far as the current scientific research results are concerned, the above dietary factors are not directly related to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis, and diet does not play a huge
role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, gout, hyperlipidemia and other diseases as it does in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
'Hair' is not absolutely contraindicated
in patients with rheumatoid joints.
"
However, the absence of dietary restrictions in rheumatoid patients does not mean that dietary control is not necessary, and the latest research shows that smoking bans, exercise combined with healthy diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, can prevent the onset of rheumatoid arthritis to some extent ^[4].
。

Ankylosing spondylitis – be wary of streptococcal infection

Bacterial infection is one of the causes of ankylosing spondylitis, in which the body is infected by streptococcus, which will lead to dysfunction of the immune system, and then induce ankylosing spondylitis.

”

Be alert to these symptoms - a sign to seek medical attention in time!

Many people have joint discomfort and worry about whether they have arthritis
.
Professor Li Fen said that life can be distinguished by the following criteria: red:
acute infectious arthritis, joint redness and swelling
.

Swelling: Swelling is a common symptom of arthritis, which is related
to the degree of joint pain.

Heat: Because the joint itself has less blood flow and is in an exposed position, it should be cool to the touch under normal circumstances, and the body temperature is lower than other parts, which is normal
.
If the joint is hot, or even hot, it proves that the joint has inflammation
.

Pain: Pain is the most important manifestation of
arthritis.

Dysfunction: Arthritis attacks, pain and inflammation, causing edema of surrounding tissues and limiting
joint mobility.
Patients with chronic arthritis may experience permanent loss
of joint function due to long-term limited joint mobility.

Professor Li Fen emphasized in particular: "Pain is the most obvious warning sign of arthritis, and the degree and time of pain are crucial
.
Remember the two time points of "30 minutes" and "6 weeks", if the joint pain exceeds 30 minutes a day and has lasted for more than 6 weeks, you must see a doctor at this time
.
"

summary

Although arthritis is not the main fatal disease, when arthritis occurs, patients will have unbearable pain, limited activity, greatly affecting the quality of life, and the sharp increase in the number of arthritis has brought a huge burden
to the country's medical care and pension.
Every October 12 is World Arthritis Day, Professor Li Fen hereby calls for arthritis, as a common disabling disease that affects the quality of life of patients, is always ignored
.
Therefore, doctors need to spread the word about all kinds of arthritis on World Arthritis Day!
Expert profile
Professor Li Fen

Ph.
D.
, Visiting Scholar, University of Liverpool, UK
Chief physician, doctoral supervisor/postdoctoral co-supervisor
Director of the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
Member of the 11th Rheumatology Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Association
Member of the Standing Committee of the 2nd Rheumatology and Immunology Professional Committee of the Cross-Strait Medical and Health Exchange Association
The 2nd Straits Meeting--Rheumatology and Immunology--Deputy Head of Ocular Immunology
He is the chairman-elect of the 6th Hunan Rheumatology and Immunology Professional Committee

References:

[1] Tan Xinwen, Guo Yanxing.
Rheumatology and Arthritis,2022,11(01):60-64.
) [2] Chang K, Yang SM, Kim SH, Han KH, Park SJ, Shin JI.
Smoking and rheumatoid arthritis.
Int J Mol Sci.
2014 Dec 3; 15(12):22279-95.
doi: 10.
3390/ijms151222279.
PMID: 25479074; PMCID: PMC4284707.
[3] Magliano M.
Obesity and arthritis.
Menopause Int.
2008 Dec; 14(4):149-54.
doi: 10.
1258/mi.
2008.
008018.
PMID: 19037063.
[4] Hahn, Jill et al.
“Association of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis among Women.
” Arthritis care & research, 10.
1002/acr.
24862.
18 Jan.
2022, doi:10.
1002/acr.
24862Where

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