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Over the past few decades, science has taught us that mammalian brains are not always fully awake or fully asleep
A new study published July 21 in PNAS appears to have overcome this challenge
Traditionally, sleep in humans has been studied using electroencephalography (EEG), which measures the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp
A man wearing an EEG cap in a simulated fMRI machine
Song and her colleagues decided to pair the EEG with a complementary technique, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measures blood flow in the brain as a proxy for neuronal activity
Using data collected in a previous study, the research team analyzed the brain activity of 36 subjects
The researchers further found that these blood flow oscillations have distinct spatiotemporal patterns in the brain, suggesting that when we fall asleep, some regions go to sleep earlier than others
They found a separate spatiotemporal pattern when they measured volunteers' brain activity when they woke up
The study provides "a new perspective" on studying the brain at the local level, said Catie Chang, an electrical engineer at Vanderbilt University who was not involved in the study, and the methods the authors used could help "piece together a more complete picture.
The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor regional sleep may also help improve our understanding of sleep disorders
