Which are the most popular varieties of aquatic products can produce greater economic benefits

Introduction: The so-called popular aquaculture varieties do not refer to the famous and special aquaculture varieties in the usual sense, but refer to the economic benefits of each region and department as the main measurement index, which are determined by regional differences, living habits, geographical environment, resources (labor, water and electricity, land rent, etc.), market, scale and employment opportunities for the local factors Colonial hotspot Therefore, we must attach importance to the market, technology, capital and talents, so that the hot aquaculture varieties can produce greater economic benefits under the organic combination of four key factors 1： Eel: the export earning of foreign exchange belongs to YYu eel breeding industry, which is the largest export earning industry of aquaculture industry in China Last year, 60 tons of Japanese eels and 75 tons of European eels were planted in mainland China The cultivation cost of 4-5p commercial eel in mainland China is 35-40 yuan / kg At the end of July last year, the market prices of commercial eels in mainland China were 5-2.8p, 3.3-36 million yuan / ton for Japanese eels, 2.8-3.3 million yuan / ton for European eels, 2.8-2p, 2.5-28 million yuan / ton for Japanese eels and 2.3-25 million yuan / ton for European eels The author reminds eel producers to pay attention to several problems: (1) large quantity of seedlings, higher cost of cultivation than market price (2) The price of specification eel is rising slowly (3) to properly control the cost of breeding, we must control it below 38000 yuan / ton (4) Pay attention to the dynamic change of price, especially specification eel (5) Pay attention to food safety and drug use, such as antibiotic residues and pesticides YYu 2: Turtle: pollution-free wild imitation is favored The main consumer market of YYu turtle is in China, and the price keeps falling The breeding area is estimated to be reduced by about 30% this year In July last year, the market price of 400g adult turtle was 34 yuan / kg in Shunde, 35-36 yuan / kg in Hangzhou and 32 yuan / kg in Fujian; the market price of 500g adult turtle was 36 yuan / kg in Shunde, 40-42 yuan / kg in Hangzhou and 35 yuan / kg in Fujian; the market price of wild turtle was 100-120 yuan / kg in Hangzhou Kg However, the price of imported turtle eggs is 0.7-0.8 yuan / piece From turtle eggs to cultivation, if the survival rate is 80% - 85%, the cost is generally 26-30 yuan / kg, which varies from region to region The author reminds the breeders that it is necessary to reduce the cost of raising turtle this year, especially the feed cost; at the same time, it is necessary to change the cultivation mode, implement extensive cultivation, speed up the growth speed, improve the quality of turtle; prevent the degeneration of germplasm, improve the awareness of disease prevention and control of turtle; accelerate the market circulation, attach importance to processing industry, and create brand awareness YYu 3: shrimps and crabs: call for high-quality seedlings YYu 1 The main shrimps in China are Penaeus monodon, Penaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus penicillatus, Penaeus vannamei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, crayfish (red crayfish, crayfish, crayfish), etc the total output last year exceeded 350000 tons Shrimp culture technology continues to mature, production continues to improve, the market continues to expand and improve The demand of crayfish in domestic and international market is very strong, and the cultivation area will continue to expand YYu At the end of July last year, Penaeus monodon: 35 yuan / Jin for 25 tails / Jin in Pearl River Delta, 24-26 yuan / Jin for 10 tails / Jin in Zhanjiang, 16-18 yuan / Jin for 20-40 tails / Jin; Penaeus monodon: 13-15 yuan / Jin for 40-50 tails / Jin, 17-20 yuan / Jin for 20-30 tails / Jin in eastern Guangdong, 3 yuan / Jin in Pearl River Delta 14 yuan / Jin for 0-40 tail / Jin, 11-14 yuan / Jin for 30-50 tail / Jin in Zhanjiang, 16-18 yuan / Jin for 20-25 tail / Jin 20-30 pieces / jin of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Pearl River Delta, 9 yuan / Jin In Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, the specification of green shrimp is 5-8 cm, and the price is 25-30 yuan / Jin The author reminds the breeders that diseases, lack of high quality seedlings and water pollution are the main factors that hinder the development of shrimp breeding industry YYu 2 The main species of crab culture in China are river crab (Eriocheir sinensis), Scylla serrata (mud crab), Portunus trituberculatus, etc., of which the scale of crab culture is the largest, the price of adult crab decreased last year, and the output exceeded 200000 tons Last year, crab breeding industry showed the following characteristics: (1) there were almost no natural seedlings, germplasm resources were seriously damaged, and the proportion of large-scale cultivation was small (2) the breeding technology of river crab is mature, and the breeding farm is in serious deficit The price of breeding river crab is 0.2-0.3 yuan / piece, and the specification is 200-400 pieces / kg (3) Some diseases are under control, but some diseases such as ciliates are serious (4) The breeding mode has been changed, especially the stocking mode (5) The breeding technology of blue crab, especially the mud crab, needs to be further improved (6) Improve brand awareness and keep the balance between market and scale (7) Accelerate the promotion of crab culture in South China YYu 4: fish: yuu 1 Fresh water fish Siniperca chuatsi, red fish with cocked mouth, Barbus bareback, juvenile fish, perch (California perch, silver perch), etc are still hot breeding spots this year The problems worthy of attention are as follows: (1) large scale breeding system of larval red fish white and Spinibarbus guangensis (2) The technology of bass culture is mature, but the price keeps falling How to reduce the cost, especially the problem of the development of full price compound feed (3) problems related to mandarin fish: ① parasite; ② bleeding, white liver and white gill symptoms YYu 2 The varieties of mariculture include grouper, redfish, cobia, red snapper, etc The problems worthy of attention are as follows: (1) due to the imperfect breeding system of seedlings, many seedlings come from natural or imported, so large-scale breeding farms should be established as soon as possible (2) Deep sea bottom cage culture (3) disease control technology of mariculture * * YYu 3, scaly fish, mainly breed: long kiss, fork tail, big catfish, hybrid catfish, red, yellow catfish, Monopterus albus, loach, thin loach, fresh white shark, freshwater black shark, etc The main solutions are as follows: (1) to overcome the contradiction between the export of large-scale aquaculture and the current lack of large-scale aquaculture production (2) There is no production base with enough seedlings (3) further expand the sales market and channels of extra small varieties YYu 4 The main fish species of ophiocephalidae are ophiocephalus Argus, ophiocephalus Argus, ophiocephalus Argus, Channa Argus, Channa gracilis, etc The main solutions are as follows: (1) accelerate the construction of intensive and large-scale base to form local characteristics, such as the breeding base of ophiocephalus Argus in Weishan Lake, Shandong Province (2) reduce the production cost, especially the seedling cost, so that the sales field of seedling products can develop healthily (3) As soon as possible, we should start to analyze and solve the new problems in the breeding process, such as the disease prevention and control technology of net cage seizing snakehead, and the breeding technology of snakehead YYu 5 Other varieties (1) sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii, hybrid sturgeon): the market price tends to be stable, the seedling price drops substantially, the intensive cultivation scale has been preliminarily formed, the seedling and cultivation technology is mature, and the cultivation, processing and sales system has been preliminarily formed (2) Puffer fish (chrysanthemum yellow and dark streaks): the market price has dropped to about 140 yuan / kg, and the price of barb fish (50-100g / tail puffer fish) has dropped to 3.5-4.0 yuan / tail The market of finished products tends to be narrow and saturated, but there is a large profit margin It is expected that the market situation of saltwater cultured puffer fish will be optimistic this year, but the disease control technology needs to be improved Step up (3) Xiangyu: the momentum is very strong, the breeding technology is mature, but the market sales are limited (4) Turbot: the industrialized culture technology is mature, the price is very high, and the market demand is large In order to protect the market, the scale should be appropriately controlled (5) Cochineal fish: the seedling technology is not stable, the supply of seedlings is blocked, the market price is high, about 120 yuan / kg, which can be further developed (6) Fresh water black snapper: the new breed just introduced does not have enough parents and needs further exploration (7) Large yellow croaker: the market price has plummeted, which has formed a large scale of breeding, and the quality of finished products has declined (8) Brazilian snapper and pomfret: large scale production has been formed, including seedlings and finished products, but the market price has declined (9) pomfret: it has become a successful introduced species (10) Salmon and trout: the research on domestic feed should be strengthened, and the market demand at home and abroad is large, which has initially formed a scale (11) Sunfish: the introduction is very successful, suitable for vigorously promoting in the Pearl River Delta, but not suitable for promoting in the mainland (12) Giant salamander: accelerate the research and exploration of reproduction technology, with a high market price of about 8000 yuan / kg (13) tortoises: moderate control, pay attention to the price of crocodile YYu 6 Conventional breeding hot spot variety (1) Jian carp: one of the important breeding varieties in North and Northwest China, which is also a relatively successful breeding variety It is suggested that the breeding work of Jian carp must be strengthened in the seedling production field to prevent the degradation of the excellent characters of Jian Carp (2) Carassius auratus: vigorously promote the good varieties of Carassius auratus, such as Allogynogenetic Carassius auratus, Pengze Carassius auratus and triploid engineering Carassius auratus, and promote the large-scale and high-yield cultivation mode of Carassius auratus Focus on the control of Sporidiosis of crucian carp (3) Bream bream: to promote the rapid growth of bream in mud lake and speed up the high-yield cultivation mode of bream bream, especially in the northwest (4) tilapia: establish a real original tilapia base, accelerate the promotion of all male tilapia, and establish a large-scale tilapia processing and export base YYu V: main force of shellfish aquaculture Shellfish farming is the main body of China's mariculture industry, accounting for almost two-thirds of the output of the mariculture industry At present, the varieties of mariculture are mussel, Chlamys farreri, clam, oyster, clam, clam, bay scallop, abalone, abalone and so on In freshwater culture, pearl culture is mainly based on Hyriopsis cumingii At present, the main problems are as follows: 1 Selection of shellfish and techniques of promoting ripening 2 High density larva culture technology and the selection, protection and species protection of bait 3 Studies on the medium culture, attachment conditions and substrate of shellfish seedlings 4 Treatment of breeding water 5 Disease control technology 6 Stabilize pearl export market Yuu finally, we always hope to get a very useful recommendation, and get better economic benefits in the breeding process of this year: (1) scale breeding of crayfish (cage breeding of red crayfish, scale breeding of original crayfish and sea lobster) (2) cultivation of high-yield and stable (400kg / mu) nanmeibai prawn and blue prawn with strong antiviral ability （3） Represented by Siniperca chuatsi and red fish, and the cultivation of grouper, eel, puffer fish, sturgeon, abalone, turbot and other high-grade fish