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In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people have increasingly strict requirements on the quality and safety of agricultural products.
How to create a "vegetable basket" and "orchard" that can reassure the people is related to the vital interests of millions of people
.
As an important link in agricultural product safety, pesticide quality supervision is also facing higher challenges and requirements.
How to effectively combat counterfeit and inferior pesticides, especially the addition of illegal hidden ingredients, and control the quality of agricultural products from the source is a new challenge for the agricultural sector.
Problems that need to be solved in the current situation
.
Based on the screening results of hidden ingredients in pesticides in Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2016, this article summarizes and analyzes the characteristics, causes and hazards of hidden ingredients in current pesticides.
In order to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, strengthen the agricultural administrative law enforcement and the safe use of medicines by growers to avoid the use of medicines.
Risk provides a reference
.
Analysis of the current situation of the addition of hidden ingredients of pesticides From 2015 to 2016, the Zhejiang Institute of Pesticide Inspection and Management and the Provincial Research Institute of Chemical Industry conducted monitoring on the hidden ingredients of pesticides
.
As of November 2016, more than 650 batches of hidden pesticide ingredients have been screened, and 63 batches of hidden ingredients have been detected, with specific results (Table 1)
.
From the detection results, we can see the following characteristics: The illegal addition of hidden ingredients in pesticides is serious.
From the detection results, except for 3 pesticide additives and 2 fungicides, the detection is hidden There are 58 batches of component pesticides, including 51 single-agent pesticides and 7 compound pesticides, accounting for 92.
1% of the detected samples
.
The hidden ingredients added illegally are more complicated.
Hidden ingredients such as fipronil, chlorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, pyridaben, dinotefuran, pymetrozine, etc.
are all detected in different pesticides.
Add The amount ranges from 0.
1% to -23.
8%
.
Biological pesticides into the "severe disaster area" Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, emamectin, cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other biological pesticides were detected with 48 batches of hidden components, accounting for 76.
2% of the detected samples Among them, 32 batches of Bacillus thuringiensis pesticides (including compound formulations) were detected, 6 batches of abamectins were detected, 4 batches of Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus were detected, and methylamino avermectins were detected.
Detected 2 batches, 4 batches of other biological pesticides such as matrine and Trichoderma
.
Prohibited and restricted pesticides are used for illegal addition.
According to the latest list of prohibited and restricted pesticides announced by the Ministry of Agriculture, carbofuran is prohibited from being used on vegetables, fruit trees, tea, and Chinese herbal medicines; fipronil is prohibited for sanitary, The use of corn and some other dry field crop seed coating agents
.
However, in this special monitoring, a total of 15 batches of fipronil and 4 batches of carbofuran were detected, mainly added to acetamiprid (6 batches), Bacillus thuringiensis (3 batches), and avermectin ( Among pesticide preparations such as 3 batches), bifenthrin (2 batches), and pesticide adjuvants (2 batches), acetamiprid, Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, etc.
are used to control citrus, cabbage, rice and other fruits and vegetables Commonly used pesticides for plant diseases and insect pests, illegal addition of prohibited and restricted pesticides seriously threatens food safety
.
During the patent period, products and high-efficiency, low-toxic and broad-spectrum insecticides were used for illegal addition and became a new trend.
63 batches of samples were found to have hidden components 78 times, of which chlorantraniliprole was detected 21 times and chlorantraniliprole 19 times.
Times, accounting for 51.
3% of the detection times of recessive components
.
The hidden ingredients added are similar to the main ingredients such as Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, acetamiprid, cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus, etc.
The control objects are more concealed, and it is difficult for growers to detect whether they are added from the control effect.
Hidden components
.
Compared with the results of monitoring and random inspection of hidden pesticide ingredients in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2014, the illegal addition of products (chlorantraniliprole) that is still in the patent period is more serious, and the amount of addition is significantly reduced.
Most of the products are added The amount is less than 10%, and the phenomenon of illegal addition of pyrethroid pesticides has not been found
.
The production area of illegally added pesticides is showing a proliferation trend.
From the location of the nominal production company, the behavior of hidden ingredient addition is showing a proliferation trend
.
From the perspective of regional characteristics, the illegal addition of ingredients in southern provinces is relatively simple, mainly containing chlorfenapyr, fipronil and chlorantraniliprole.
The situation in northern provinces is more complicated.
In addition to these three, pyridaben and Kebai The phenomenon that prestige is used as illegal addition is also more prominent
.
Causes The illegal addition of hidden ingredients in pesticides is currently rampant.
The author believes that the main reasons are as follows: Growers’ ignorant pursuit of the efficacy of pesticides.
Planters always hope that the use of pesticides can achieve “two levels” due to cost considerations.
"Less, two, more": One is to use fewer varieties and more types of control, that is, one drug is used more; the second is to use less amount and last longer, that is, one drug for many years
.
In fact, due to the unreasonable use of most growers, if a new drug is used continuously for a long time, the resistance to pests and diseases will increase rapidly after a few years after its introduction, and the efficacy of the drug will decline significantly.
It will "cure all diseases" and be "forever" effective.
The pesticides do not exist
.
Illegal production companies add hidden ingredients illegally to enhance the efficacy of the medicine and cater to the needs of growers, creating the illusion that everything can be cured and everything is cured, and inducing farmers to continue using it
.
Some production entities are chasing interest and some prohibited and restricted high-risk pesticides (fipronil, carbofuran, etc.
) actually still have a good control effect, illegal companies add it as a recessive ingredient, which can significantly enhance the control effect , Enhance product competitiveness
.
Some new pesticides (such as chlorantraniliprole, etc.
) that are still under patent protection have good efficacy, but domestic companies cannot produce and sell them due to patent protection.
Unscrupulous companies use them as hidden ingredients to enhance the original The products have medicinal effects, or are sold in the form of "selling dog meat", supporting additives, synergists, etc.
, to circumvent patent protection and achieve the purpose of occupying the market
.
Limitations of detection technology In recent years, in response to the detection of illegally added hidden components in pesticides, GC-MS, HPLC-MS/MS, GC-FTIR, rapid detection and other methods have been reported to qualitatively or quantitatively screen the hidden components of pesticides.
The method has good results in the detection of some hidden pesticide components
.
However, there are many types of pesticides, and hidden ingredients are not necessarily limited to pesticides.
It is difficult to have a unified standard like pesticide residue testing that can cover most of the pesticide varieties and illegally added substances, and it is inevitable that there are omissions.
.
Existing hazards and countermeasures The hidden ingredients added illegally in pesticides pose a serious threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products.
During the agricultural product quality and safety monitoring in the first half of this year, Zhejiang Province sampled 1,938 batches of vegetables, and fipronil was detected 18 times, 11 times exceeding the standard.
Pyridaben was detected 116 times, 2 times exceeding the standard, which affected the people’s table safety
.
Secondly, long-term use of pesticide products with prohibited and restricted ingredients such as fipronil will affect local aquaculture, beekeeping and other industries, and endanger the local environmental and ecological safety
.
At the same time, the addition of hidden ingredient pesticides is often sought after by farmers because of their "faster" effects and "better" effects.
On the contrary, pesticides with qualified quality have no market, and bad money drives good money, which is not conducive to fair competition in the pesticide market
.
Therefore, how to strengthen pesticide management, guide farmers to use pesticides scientifically, accelerate innovation in the pesticide industry, and build a safe pesticide market environment are new issues facing pesticide management departments
.
Strengthen pesticide system management, maintain market order and standardize pesticide registration system in accordance with the law, actively play the guiding role of pesticide registration system, and accelerate the selection and registration of pesticides for small varieties of specialty crops such as vegetables, bayberry, and strawberries, so as to achieve "medicinal use"
.
Standardize pesticide operation and management, and comprehensively promote the designated management system for high-toxic (high-risk) pesticides
.
Intensify the enforcement and supervision of pesticide market, further improve the quality of pesticides, especially the detection level of hidden ingredients, strengthen cooperation with law enforcement agencies, and realize the linkage of inspections and strikes
.
Strengthen pesticide use management to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
Actively formulate and improve the guidelines for the rational use of pesticides, pesticide residue limits and field application procedures, and timely release the guidance catalogue of pesticides for pest control to guide farmers in the correct selection and proper use of pesticides
.
Combining the traceability system of agricultural product quality and safety, encourage farmers to comply with pesticide safety and rational use regulations, scientifically prevent and control diseases and insect pests, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products
.
Establish a risk warning mechanism for the safe use of pesticides to prevent pesticide use accidents
.
Innovate the pesticide re-evaluation mechanism and strengthen the monitoring of the safety and effectiveness of registered pesticides
.
Accelerate industrial innovation, promote the transformation and upgrading of the pesticide industry, promote project cooperation between production enterprises, universities and scientific research units, introduce new formulas and new processes, and encourage production enterprises to gradually transform from generic drugs to innovative pharmaceuticals
.
Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the pesticide industry, support the development and production of environmentally friendly pesticides, accelerate the development and production of new pesticides and formulations with high safety and low risk, and gradually restrict and eliminate pesticide products and processes that are highly toxic, polluting and environmentally risky.
Optimize the structure of pesticide products
.
How to create a "vegetable basket" and "orchard" that can reassure the people is related to the vital interests of millions of people
.
As an important link in agricultural product safety, pesticide quality supervision is also facing higher challenges and requirements.
How to effectively combat counterfeit and inferior pesticides, especially the addition of illegal hidden ingredients, and control the quality of agricultural products from the source is a new challenge for the agricultural sector.
Problems that need to be solved in the current situation
.
Based on the screening results of hidden ingredients in pesticides in Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2016, this article summarizes and analyzes the characteristics, causes and hazards of hidden ingredients in current pesticides.
In order to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, strengthen the agricultural administrative law enforcement and the safe use of medicines by growers to avoid the use of medicines.
Risk provides a reference
.
Analysis of the current situation of the addition of hidden ingredients of pesticides From 2015 to 2016, the Zhejiang Institute of Pesticide Inspection and Management and the Provincial Research Institute of Chemical Industry conducted monitoring on the hidden ingredients of pesticides
.
As of November 2016, more than 650 batches of hidden pesticide ingredients have been screened, and 63 batches of hidden ingredients have been detected, with specific results (Table 1)
.
From the detection results, we can see the following characteristics: The illegal addition of hidden ingredients in pesticides is serious.
From the detection results, except for 3 pesticide additives and 2 fungicides, the detection is hidden There are 58 batches of component pesticides, including 51 single-agent pesticides and 7 compound pesticides, accounting for 92.
1% of the detected samples
.
The hidden ingredients added illegally are more complicated.
Hidden ingredients such as fipronil, chlorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, pyridaben, dinotefuran, pymetrozine, etc.
are all detected in different pesticides.
Add The amount ranges from 0.
1% to -23.
8%
.
Biological pesticides into the "severe disaster area" Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, emamectin, cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other biological pesticides were detected with 48 batches of hidden components, accounting for 76.
2% of the detected samples Among them, 32 batches of Bacillus thuringiensis pesticides (including compound formulations) were detected, 6 batches of abamectins were detected, 4 batches of Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus were detected, and methylamino avermectins were detected.
Detected 2 batches, 4 batches of other biological pesticides such as matrine and Trichoderma
.
Prohibited and restricted pesticides are used for illegal addition.
According to the latest list of prohibited and restricted pesticides announced by the Ministry of Agriculture, carbofuran is prohibited from being used on vegetables, fruit trees, tea, and Chinese herbal medicines; fipronil is prohibited for sanitary, The use of corn and some other dry field crop seed coating agents
.
However, in this special monitoring, a total of 15 batches of fipronil and 4 batches of carbofuran were detected, mainly added to acetamiprid (6 batches), Bacillus thuringiensis (3 batches), and avermectin ( Among pesticide preparations such as 3 batches), bifenthrin (2 batches), and pesticide adjuvants (2 batches), acetamiprid, Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, etc.
are used to control citrus, cabbage, rice and other fruits and vegetables Commonly used pesticides for plant diseases and insect pests, illegal addition of prohibited and restricted pesticides seriously threatens food safety
.
During the patent period, products and high-efficiency, low-toxic and broad-spectrum insecticides were used for illegal addition and became a new trend.
63 batches of samples were found to have hidden components 78 times, of which chlorantraniliprole was detected 21 times and chlorantraniliprole 19 times.
Times, accounting for 51.
3% of the detection times of recessive components
.
The hidden ingredients added are similar to the main ingredients such as Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, acetamiprid, cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus, etc.
The control objects are more concealed, and it is difficult for growers to detect whether they are added from the control effect.
Hidden components
.
Compared with the results of monitoring and random inspection of hidden pesticide ingredients in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2014, the illegal addition of products (chlorantraniliprole) that is still in the patent period is more serious, and the amount of addition is significantly reduced.
Most of the products are added The amount is less than 10%, and the phenomenon of illegal addition of pyrethroid pesticides has not been found
.
The production area of illegally added pesticides is showing a proliferation trend.
From the location of the nominal production company, the behavior of hidden ingredient addition is showing a proliferation trend
.
From the perspective of regional characteristics, the illegal addition of ingredients in southern provinces is relatively simple, mainly containing chlorfenapyr, fipronil and chlorantraniliprole.
The situation in northern provinces is more complicated.
In addition to these three, pyridaben and Kebai The phenomenon that prestige is used as illegal addition is also more prominent
.
Causes The illegal addition of hidden ingredients in pesticides is currently rampant.
The author believes that the main reasons are as follows: Growers’ ignorant pursuit of the efficacy of pesticides.
Planters always hope that the use of pesticides can achieve “two levels” due to cost considerations.
"Less, two, more": One is to use fewer varieties and more types of control, that is, one drug is used more; the second is to use less amount and last longer, that is, one drug for many years
.
In fact, due to the unreasonable use of most growers, if a new drug is used continuously for a long time, the resistance to pests and diseases will increase rapidly after a few years after its introduction, and the efficacy of the drug will decline significantly.
It will "cure all diseases" and be "forever" effective.
The pesticides do not exist
.
Illegal production companies add hidden ingredients illegally to enhance the efficacy of the medicine and cater to the needs of growers, creating the illusion that everything can be cured and everything is cured, and inducing farmers to continue using it
.
Some production entities are chasing interest and some prohibited and restricted high-risk pesticides (fipronil, carbofuran, etc.
) actually still have a good control effect, illegal companies add it as a recessive ingredient, which can significantly enhance the control effect , Enhance product competitiveness
.
Some new pesticides (such as chlorantraniliprole, etc.
) that are still under patent protection have good efficacy, but domestic companies cannot produce and sell them due to patent protection.
Unscrupulous companies use them as hidden ingredients to enhance the original The products have medicinal effects, or are sold in the form of "selling dog meat", supporting additives, synergists, etc.
, to circumvent patent protection and achieve the purpose of occupying the market
.
Limitations of detection technology In recent years, in response to the detection of illegally added hidden components in pesticides, GC-MS, HPLC-MS/MS, GC-FTIR, rapid detection and other methods have been reported to qualitatively or quantitatively screen the hidden components of pesticides.
The method has good results in the detection of some hidden pesticide components
.
However, there are many types of pesticides, and hidden ingredients are not necessarily limited to pesticides.
It is difficult to have a unified standard like pesticide residue testing that can cover most of the pesticide varieties and illegally added substances, and it is inevitable that there are omissions.
.
Existing hazards and countermeasures The hidden ingredients added illegally in pesticides pose a serious threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products.
During the agricultural product quality and safety monitoring in the first half of this year, Zhejiang Province sampled 1,938 batches of vegetables, and fipronil was detected 18 times, 11 times exceeding the standard.
Pyridaben was detected 116 times, 2 times exceeding the standard, which affected the people’s table safety
.
Secondly, long-term use of pesticide products with prohibited and restricted ingredients such as fipronil will affect local aquaculture, beekeeping and other industries, and endanger the local environmental and ecological safety
.
At the same time, the addition of hidden ingredient pesticides is often sought after by farmers because of their "faster" effects and "better" effects.
On the contrary, pesticides with qualified quality have no market, and bad money drives good money, which is not conducive to fair competition in the pesticide market
.
Therefore, how to strengthen pesticide management, guide farmers to use pesticides scientifically, accelerate innovation in the pesticide industry, and build a safe pesticide market environment are new issues facing pesticide management departments
.
Strengthen pesticide system management, maintain market order and standardize pesticide registration system in accordance with the law, actively play the guiding role of pesticide registration system, and accelerate the selection and registration of pesticides for small varieties of specialty crops such as vegetables, bayberry, and strawberries, so as to achieve "medicinal use"
.
Standardize pesticide operation and management, and comprehensively promote the designated management system for high-toxic (high-risk) pesticides
.
Intensify the enforcement and supervision of pesticide market, further improve the quality of pesticides, especially the detection level of hidden ingredients, strengthen cooperation with law enforcement agencies, and realize the linkage of inspections and strikes
.
Strengthen pesticide use management to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
Actively formulate and improve the guidelines for the rational use of pesticides, pesticide residue limits and field application procedures, and timely release the guidance catalogue of pesticides for pest control to guide farmers in the correct selection and proper use of pesticides
.
Combining the traceability system of agricultural product quality and safety, encourage farmers to comply with pesticide safety and rational use regulations, scientifically prevent and control diseases and insect pests, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products
.
Establish a risk warning mechanism for the safe use of pesticides to prevent pesticide use accidents
.
Innovate the pesticide re-evaluation mechanism and strengthen the monitoring of the safety and effectiveness of registered pesticides
.
Accelerate industrial innovation, promote the transformation and upgrading of the pesticide industry, promote project cooperation between production enterprises, universities and scientific research units, introduce new formulas and new processes, and encourage production enterprises to gradually transform from generic drugs to innovative pharmaceuticals
.
Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the pesticide industry, support the development and production of environmentally friendly pesticides, accelerate the development and production of new pesticides and formulations with high safety and low risk, and gradually restrict and eliminate pesticide products and processes that are highly toxic, polluting and environmentally risky.
Optimize the structure of pesticide products
.
