What is the effect of fatty acids on human health?

March 16, 2018 / BIOON / - fatty acid is a kind of aliphatic hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl end group, which is one of the main energy sources for human body In recent years, research shows that in addition to energy supply, fatty acids have many effects on human health, including good and bad, good and bad This article summarizes the latest research on the impact of fatty acids on human health, and we will learn together 【1】 NeuroImage: the internal mechanism of the influence of monounsaturated fatty acids on intelligence level doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.043 previous studies have found that there is a correlation between nutrition and cognitive ability, but the researchers have not yet accurately found the link Recently, researchers from the University of Illinois found that monounsaturated fatty acids (a fatty acid component commonly found in olive oil, nuts and avocados) have a certain correlation with the general level of intelligence, in which the organization of the brain's neural network plays an important role The study included 99 healthy elderly people The researchers compared the fatty acid nutrients in their blood samples, analyzed the working efficiency of brain network through functional MRI data, and analyzed the performance of volunteers in general intelligence test The results were published in neuroimage "Our goal is to understand how nutrient intake affects intelligence and how nutrients affect the functional structure of the brain." Aron barbey, a professor of psychology who led the study, said "This research is of great significance for the development of new methods based on nutrition intervention to regulate brain cognitive level." Previous studies have shown that the monounsaturated fatty acids rich in Mediterranean diet have a positive effect on cognitive ability This led the researchers to focus on analyzing the levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the blood of volunteers The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the general intelligence level and the formation of the network structure in the dorsal side of the brain, and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids in the blood affected the organization of the network structure in the dorsal side of the brain This finding reveals the internal mechanism of the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on brain intelligence 【2】 The lancet dia & Endocrinol: omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids or can effectively reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals doi: 10.1016/s2213-8587 (17) 30307-8 recently, researchers from the George Institute of global health in Sydney found that eating a diet rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (hereinafter referred to as omega-6) can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals The study was published in the international journal the lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology In this study, researchers elucidated the potential health benefits of omega-6 Omega-6 mainly exists in beans, vegetable oil (such as soybean oil and sunflower oil) and nuts It is suggested that people should increase their daily intake of omega-6-rich foods According to researcher Jason Wu, our research shows that simple changes in diet may protect the body from type 2 diabetes All the participants in this study were able to eat healthy diet, and they were not given dietary guidance in their daily diet; their bodies contained high levels of omega-6, while the risk of type 2 diabetes was low Recently, a large number of studies have paid close attention to the negative health effects of omega-6, such as inflammation, which can increase the risk of inflammatory diseases Researchers found that compared with people with lower blood linoleic acid level, people with higher blood linoleic acid level may have a 35% lower risk of type 2 diabetes in the future, and linoleic acid is the main omega-6 fatty acid In this paper, the researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of 20 research data from 39740 adults from 10 countries As the study progressed, 4347 of the participants developed diabetes, including individuals of different ages, who had no symptoms of type 2 diabetes at the beginning of the study Researchers Wu said that some scientists think omega-6 is harmful to health in theory, but based on large-scale global research data, there is very little evidence that omega-6 is harmful to human health Instead, omega-6 is directly related to the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes Linoleic acid is not produced in the body, it can only be obtained from food; American dietary guidelines recommend that 5% to 10% of energy should be obtained from polyunsaturated fatty acids, because people are very concerned about its harm to the health of the body, so some countries recommend that we should eat less polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, the results of this study show that eating foods rich in linoleic acid may be able to Reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals This study combines many large observational studies, and researchers can not directly determine the effect of improving omega-6 fatty acid level in clinical, but the advantage of this study is that it uses the tissue biomarkers of target blood and fatty acids for analysis, which avoids the memory errors related to people's own diet impression In addition, the researchers have developed a pre-set standardized analysis step, which can increase the consistency of research results, and also include research data from multiple countries around the world, which can enhance the relevance of different populations 【3】 SCI adv: heavyweight! Scientists elucidate the effect of dietary fatty acids on the fate of stem cell differentiation! Doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1193 recently, in a research report published in the international journal Science advanced, researchers from Rice University said that what you eat means what kind of person you are, especially when it comes to fat; in the article, researchers analyzed how the type of fat an individual consumes affects stem cells Whether it will be transformed into bone cells or fat cells Researcher Allison skinkle said that in general, we want to study the characteristics of the membrane that affect cell function and physiological performance Of course, this is a multidisciplinary study, and we need the participation of chemists, physicists and engineers In this latest study, the researchers examined what happens when dietary fat is applied to mesenchymal stem cells, an adult stem cell produced in bone marrow that often grows into various types of connective tissue, including fat, skin, bone and cartilage In addition, the researchers found that dietary fat can change the cell membrane and affect The way in which stem cells are transformed into mature tissue cells Ilya levental, a researcher, believes that the fats we eat, such as cholesterol, unsaturated fatty acids and fish oil, will be incorporated into the cell membrane of the body cells, and drastically change the components and functions of these cell membranes In this paper, the researchers measured the lipid content of mesenchymal stem cells and the lipid content of these cells after they were transformed into bone cells and fat cells The results showed that the cell membrane of bone cells contained a special lipid, in which the level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid was abnormally high, which was also known as DHA, the most abundant component in fish oil; more importantly Yes, the researchers also found that adding fatty acids, such as fish oil, to mesenchymal stem cells promotes the transformation of these cells into osteoblasts rather than fat cells The researchers believe that this study is expected to help explain why fish oil can benefit patients with osteoporosis, and more importantly, it can also help explain the relationship between dietary fat and a variety of patients' clinical prognosis, such as healthy aging and heart disease The next step is to work with more researchers to further understand the important effects of fat on stem cells 【4】 PNAs: a new imaging technology that may reveal how saturated fatty acids damage body cells doi: 10.1073/pnas.1712555114 In our increasingly healthy society, many fashionable eating methods seem to be popular every few years; for example, ketogenic diet, vegetarianism and many other dietary choices, and there are corresponding scientific basis for each eating method It is difficult to know which eating method is healthy or unhealthy However, there is a piece of information throughout it, that is, satiety And fatty acid diets are harmful Recently, researchers at Columbia University explained this in a PNAs study report Doctors, nutritionists and researchers have known for a long time that saturated fatty acids are one of the main causes of death in the United States, but researchers don't know why and how excessive saturated fatty acids can bring toxicity to cells and induce cell death There are many diseases associated with the lipid line, and unsaturated fatty acids such as fish oil and olive oil seem to have some health benefits In order to answer this question, in this study, researchers developed a new microscopical technology, which can help researchers directly track the track of fatty acids absorbed by body cells This technology mainly includes the use of isotope deuterium to remove hydrogen atoms from fatty acids, without changing the physical and chemical properties and behaviors of fatty acids, etc., by making a special switch, All molecules made of fatty acids can be observed by this advanced imaging technology, which researchers call stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy Based on this technology, researchers are expected to further elucidate the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease The researchers say that the process of building a cell membrane with saturated fatty acids can induce the consequences of membrane hardening ("freezing"), and that the cell membrane should be flexible and mobile in healthy conditions Professor Wei Min, researcher, said that for a long time, we have always thought that cell membrane is similar to fluid like, we can embed protein molecules into it to change the shape of cell membrane and produce response; but before that, it is difficult to observe this solid membrane structure in living mammalian cells, what we see is completely different On the other hand, the lipid molecules produced by the unsaturated fatty acids will form a kink structure in their chains, which makes the lipid molecules unable to be closely arranged like the saturated fatty acids, and these lipid molecules will continue to move freely without forming a fixed cluster; the researchers found that adding the unsaturated fatty acids may "melt" the frozen lipid molecules by the saturated fatty acids Membrane structure, this mechanism may partly explain the health benefits of unsaturated fatty acids, but also help researchers understand how unsaturated fatty acids such as fish oil can effectively protect the health of the body In this study, for the first time, the researchers observed the characteristics and details of fatty acid distribution and kinetics in living cells, and also revealed the unknown toxicity of saturated fatty acid accumulation in the cell membrane Finally, min, the researcher, said that once saturated fatty acid enters the cells, it will induce fatal diseases, and clearly observed how fatty acid induces lipid metabolism diseases For example, researchers can find a way to block the accumulation of toxic lipids Relevant research findings are also meaningful for improving the health of the body and effectively preventing the occurrence of lipid related diseases