What are the reasons for antibiotic resistance?

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria and other microorganisms develop resistance to some or all of the actions of antibiotics Bacteria can obtain antibiotic resistance directly through natural phenomena or indirectly through environmental pressure The abuse of antibiotics by medical staff and patients is one of the pressures, which is especially easy to lead to the increase of drug-resistant bacteria If microbes acquire this ability through natural selection evolution, especially the transfer of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, they will show antibiotic resistance Gene variants that already exist in drug-resistant bacteria can be transferred to the offspring of these mutant bacteria Random gene mutations can also be introduced by horizontal gene transfer (a gene activity that does not involve the offspring of bacteria) Bacteria carrying multiple drug-resistant genes are considered to be multi resistant, often referred to as superbugs When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, normal bacteria die and leave resistant bacteria, which will rapidly propagate and show dominant pressure The widespread use of antibiotics in medicine is related to more and more antibiotic resistant cases Inappropriate or unnecessary prescription antibiotics by doctors, abuse of antibiotics by patients, and adherence to antibiotic treatment for non bacterial infections are the main causes of antibiotic resistance Patients who fail to complete the entire course of antibiotics prescribed will also increase the chance of antibiotic resistance Antibiotics can only resist bacterial infection, so when doctors misdiagnose it as viral infection or other non bacterial infection and prescribe antibiotics, it will further increase the emergence of bacterial resistant strains These factors in the field of human medicine greatly increase the emergence and persistence of resistant bacteria and life-threatening superbacteria Antibiotics are not limited to human use, but can also be found in animals for human consumption or contact with humans To promote animal growth, antibiotics are added to animal feed, which increases the risk of human exposure to superbugs and other resistant bacteria Injection of antibiotics into disease-free animals will further promote the spread of resistant bacteria When people eat the affected meat, it will improve the transmission opportunities of antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially when they eat raw or not cooked, or when they are in close contact with animals carrying antibiotic resistant bacteria.