What are the physiological functions of peptide food

  Because of its large molecular weight and complex structure, food protein is not easily digested and absorbed by human body, which affects its physiological function and nutritional value In recent years, it has been found that protein is mainly absorbed in the form of small peptide after enzymatic hydrolysis in the digestive tract, which is easier to be absorbed and utilized by the body than completely free amino acids These small peptides can directly participate in the regulation of digestion, metabolism and endocrine Their absorption mechanism is superior to that of protein and amino acid, and they have incomparable physiological functions This is a major breakthrough in the theory and practice of peptide research, that is, peptides, especially some low peptides, not only have better digestion and absorption performance than proteins, but also have physiological functions such as physiological regulation of human body and disease prevention and resistance It has been found that almost all cells are regulated by polypeptides, such as cell differentiation, neurotransmitter regulation, immune regulation and so on, which are closely related to the active polypeptides It has the dual functions of regulating the physiological function of the body and providing nutrition for the body Because peptides have the physiological activities of regulating the plant nervous system, activating cellular immune function, improving cardiovascular function and anti-aging, it provides a theoretical basis for the development of peptide drugs and peptide health food Main physiological functions of peptides 01 easy to digest and absorb In the past, people believed that the human body mainly absorbed protein in the form of amino acids, but modern nutrition research found that the protein consumed by human body was mainly digested and absorbed in the form of oligopeptides after hydrolysis by enzymes in the digestive tract, and the proportion of free amino acids was very small Therefore, polypeptides are more easily and quickly absorbed by the body than free amino acids, and proteins are absorbed in the form of polypeptides, which is also conducive to the maximum use of their biological activity Especially for the people with impaired digestive function, their absorption of food protein is seriously limited and affected, the circulation of protein and amino acid is destroyed, and they can not synthesize peptides in vivo If they take peptides directly, they can supplement protein and maintain normal metabolic balance 02 hypotensive effect Antihypertensive peptides can reduce blood pressure by inhibiting the activity of ace Ace in the blood vessel can make the production of ACE Ⅱ, which can cause the contraction of the peripheral blood vessels and increase the blood pressure The antihypertensive peptide can inhibit the activity of ACE, thus indirectly prevent the production of ACE Ⅱ, and then play a role in reducing the blood pressure of human body It is an effective peptide substance for the prevention and treatment of hypertension There are three sources of antihypertensive peptides: peptides from casein, peptides from fish and shellfish, and peptides from plants 03 effect of lowering blood lipid and cholesterol As early as the beginning of the 20th century, it has been observed that the protein peptide, the hydrolysate of plant protein, has a more effective effect on lowering blood lipid and cholesterol than plant protein itself Some research and analysis show that polypeptide can stimulate the increase of thyroid hormone secretion, promote the bile acidification of cholesterol, increase fecal excretion cholesterol, and thus play a role in reducing blood cholesterol Many animal experiments and clinical trials have shown that the soybean polypeptide with molecular weight greater than 5000d has a significant cholesterol lowering effect, and only has a cholesterol lowering effect on people with high cholesterol value, but has no effect on normal people 04 antibacterial action Antimicrobial peptide, also known as microbial peptide or peptide antibiotic, is a kind of small molecular peptide encoded by specific genes of biological cells, which can resist the invasion of external microorganisms and eliminate the mutant cells in vivo Antimicrobial peptide is an important reason for the natural immunity of animals, which is of special significance for the non acquired immunity of animals Their basic groups have a strong affinity with the cell membrane of microorganisms, which can kill microorganisms by increasing the permeability of cell membrane 05 antioxidation Antioxidant peptide is a kind of bioactive peptide The mechanism of antioxidation includes providing hydrogen to antioxidant enzymes, buffering physiological pH, chelating metal ions and capturing free radicals Scientific research shows that free radicals can cause protein damage, lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid damage and other diseases The antioxidant peptides have the functions of scavenging free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation Adding them to functional health food can prevent many diseases Antioxidant peptides can also be used as natural antioxidants to prevent oil oxidation and slow aging 06 anti cancer Anticancer polypeptide is a research hotspot in oncology It has obvious antitumor effect on many kinds of tumors, such as liver cancer and lung cancer It has been used in the clinical treatment of cancer and is expected to become a new anti-cancer drug Endothelin is another kind of anticancer peptide It is a bioactive peptide synthesized by endothelial cells It also has strong anticancer properties and can be used to judge the condition and monitor the therapeutic effect In addition, 10% of the compounds extracted from marine animals have anticancer activity, and 3.5% of the compounds extracted from marine plants have anticancer activity The anticancer polypeptide has the characteristics of high activity and good stability 07 promote mineral absorption Some peptides can form chelates with mineral ions necessary for human body to keep calcium and iron plasma in soluble state, so as to promote the absorption of minerals by human body Casein phosphopeptides extracted from milk（ CPP (also known as calcium promoting absorption peptide) has the characteristics of promoting the dissolution of calcium and iron Therefore, CPP can be used as the ingredient of nutrient supplements with calcium, magnesium, iron and other minerals as raw materials If CPP is added to children, women and elderly food, it can promote the absorption of calcium and iron, prevent diseases such as osteoporosis, hypertension and anemia, and adjust the proportion of calcium and phosphorus in milk 08 peptide vaccine Peptide vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine are one of the most important research areas in the field of vaccine research Now a lot of research and development have been carried out in the world For example, in 1999, NIH of the United States published the clinical trial results of two polypeptide vaccines of HIV-I virus on human body; foreign scholars screened a polypeptide from the outer membrane protein E2 of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can stimulate the body to produce protective antibodies; the United States is developing the malaria multivalent antigen polypeptide vaccine; the cervical cancer human papillomavirus polypeptide vaccine has entered the phase II clinical trial China has also done a lot of work in the research of polypeptide vaccines 09 diagnostic polypeptide The main use of polypeptides in diagnostic reagents is to be used as antigens to detect the antibodies of corresponding pathogens Polypeptide antigen is more specific than natural microorganism or parasite protein antigen, and easy to prepare Now the antibody detection reagents assembled with polypeptide antigens include: A, B, C, G liver disease virus, HIV, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, rubella virus, Treponema pallidum, cysticercosis, Trypanosoma, Lyme disease, rheumatoid and other detection reagents Most of the polypeptide antigens used are obtained from the natural protein analysis of the corresponding pathogenic body, and some are brand-new peptides obtained from the peptide library In foreign countries, the research on polypeptide development and application is more and more extensive The main polypeptides studied include casein peptide, ginseng peptide, soybean peptide, wheat peptide, corn peptide, blood protein peptide, aquatic protein peptide, etc at present, the main polypeptide products in the world mainly include two categories: one is polypeptide drugs and reagents, the other is low antigen with active polypeptides as functional factors Health food and polypeptide containing common food, such as polypeptide beverage, polypeptide infant food, polypeptide elderly food, calcium absorption promoting food, blood pressure inhibiting food, polypeptide sports food and nutritional supplements for patients, etc In a word, as food, bioactive polypeptides can not only provide nutrients for human growth and development, but also regulate human physiological function It is of great significance not only for the whole food industry, but also for the development of medicine, cosmetics, biology, health care and many other fields Bioactive polypeptides have been developed into many kinds of functional polypeptides health care products, polypeptide drugs, food additives and so on, which have a broad prospect of development.