What are the differences in brain development among apes? Neurons in the human brain develop more slowly

A team of Swiss scientists reported their latest understanding of the development of human brain and the differences between the process and other great apes' brain development, according to a brain science study published on the 16th in the British journal Nature The latest research reveals the unique characteristics of human brain development, describes the differentiation between these processes and other primate brain development, and solves the problem of people's understanding of this development process The huge brain is a typical feature of human beings Human brain can be regarded as the most complex organ in many tissues of animal kingdom Some scientists even claim that brain is the most complex object known In fact, many areas of human brain originally have the molecular characteristics very similar to our primate relatives However, human brain has changed greatly since chimpanzee and other great apes differentiated However, the genetic and developmental processes behind this differentiation have not been fully understood Scientists who study the human brain think that brain organs (brain like tissues) made of induced pluripotent stem cells provide the possibility for the study of brain development and evolution in the laboratory In view of this, Barbara trutrane, a scientist at the Federal Institute of technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and his colleagues conducted a four-month study on brain organs derived from human stem cells through the development of pluripotent stem cells, trying to find out the regulatory changes of human specific genes The team then looked at the brain organs of chimpanzees and macaques to understand the differences in human organ development At the same developmental node, scientists found that in gorillas and macaques, more significant cortical neuron specificity could be observed than in human This suggests that human neurons develop more slowly than the other two primates The researchers believe that their data provide resources for further understanding of the different gene regulatory mechanisms of brain development in humans and chimpanzees Beijing, Oct 16 (reporter Gu Gang): the human brain is about three times as big as that of apes This is not entirely due to the different structure evolution between human brain and ape brain For example, people can speak or make tools As the latest research of anthropologists at the University of Zurich shows, these changes in the evolution of human brain have no relationship with the changes of skull, but develop independently Researchers have been studying the relationship between human brains and skulls and how they interact in human evolution The human brain floats like an aquarium fish in a liquid filled skull and is almost completely filled The brain is the largest and most complex structure in the central nervous system, as well as the organ regulating human body function It is the material basis of consciousness, spirit, language, learning, memory, intelligence and other advanced neural activities There are different grooves or fissures on the surface of cerebral hemisphere The part of the ridge between the cleft is called the gyrus Scientists hope to find out the relationship between brain and skull by comparing human and chimpanzee Jos é warren of the Institute of anthropology at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, used CT and MRI to analyze the imaging data of human and chimpanzee The combination of the two imaging techniques enables him to quantify the spatial relationship between the cleft of the brain and the gyrus on the one hand, and the spatial relationship between the cleft of the skull on the other hand The results show that the characteristic spatial relationship between human brain and skull structure is significantly different from that of chimpanzee In the process of human evolution, brain and skull evolve at the same time, but they are basically independent of each other Further studies have shown that human brain structures related to complex cognitive tasks, such as language, social behavior, way of thinking or manual agility, have changed significantly in the evolutionary process, which has become very obvious in the changes of human characteristic frontal lobes But this internal reorganization of the brain has no effect on the remodeling parallel to the skull In order to improve the balance of the head on the spine, in the process of human evolution, the opening of the spinal cord at the bottom of the skull has moved forward Such skull changes have no effect on the development of brain structure, while upright gait plays a key role in the change of human brain structure, which is the biggest difference between human evolution and chimpanzee