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What are the clinical manifestations of lung cancer in the early stages of the Global Lung Cancer Awareness Month?

 Last Update: 2023-01-05
 Source: Internet
 Author: User

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November is Global Lung Cancer Awareness Month
.
The purpose is to call on all countries in the world to pay attention to the prevention of lung cancer, improve people's awareness of lung cancer prevention and anti-cancer, and popularize the knowledge
of standardized diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
According to the latest statistics of the World Health Organization, the number of lung cancer cases worldwide in 2020 was 2.
2 million, ranking second among malignant tumors, and the number of deaths was 1.
8 million, ranking first
among malignant tumors.

Early lung cancer has no obvious symptoms, most patients are in the advanced stage when they present symptoms, and the overall 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced lung cancer is not high
.
For many years, China and abroad have been committed to early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer through screening, and ultimately reduce the mortality rate
related to lung cancer.
Selection of
lung cancer screening population 1.
Age group (2A recommended evidence)
recommends lung cancer screening
in people aged ≥ 45 years.
The 2015 national tumor statistics show that the age-specific morbidity and mortality of lung cancer increase significantly after the age of 45, so the recommended starting age for lung cancer screening is 45 years
.

2.
Risk factors for lung cancer (Class 2A recommended evidence)
The selection of high-risk groups fully considers the risk factors for lung cancer other than age, combined with the pathogenesis characteristics of lung cancer in China, on the basis of age.
People with one of the following risk factors are screened
for lung cancer.

(1) Smoking: Smoking can significantly increase the risk
of lung cancer.
Studies have shown that the risk of lung cancer incidence and death in smokers is higher than that in non-smokers, and the risk of lung cancer incidence and death in previous smokers is also significantly increased, and the smoking dose and lung cancer risk are linearly positively correlated
.

(2) history of inhalation of secondhand smoke or environmental fumes: meta-analysis showed that exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increased the risk of
lung cancer.
Kitchen fumes produced by cooking methods such as frying can lead to DNA damage or cancer, which is one of the
important risk factors for lung cancer in Chinese non-smoking women.

(3) History of exposure to occupational carcinogens: Long-term exposure to high carcinogens such as radon, arsenic, beryllium, chromium, cadmium and their compounds are more likely to develop lung cancer
.

(4) Personal tumor history: patients with other malignant tumors in the past may carry abnormal gene mutations, which can increase the risk
of lung cancer.

(5) Family history of lung cancer in immediate relatives: Individuals whose first-degree relatives have been diagnosed with lung cancer have a significantly increased
risk of lung cancer.
People with a family history of lung cancer may have heritable loci for susceptibility to lung cancer
.

(6) History of chronic lung diseases: The incidence of lung cancer in patients with chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis and pulmonary fibrosis is higher than that in healthy people
.

Figure 1 The population screened for lung cancer selected the clinical manifestations
of lung cancer as central lung cancer May present with clinical signs and symptoms, including cough, sputum production, hemoptysis, stridor, chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain, hoarseness, dysphagia, superior vena cava syndrome, diaphragmatic paralysis, pleural and pericardial effusion, Pancoast syndrome, etc
.
Distant metastases may present with different local and systemic symptoms
depending on the site of metastasis.

Peripheral lung cancer often has no respiratory symptoms in the early stage, and as the disease progresses, corresponding respiratory symptoms or metastasis-related symptoms
may appear 。 A small number of lung cancer patients may have some rare symptoms and signs that are not caused by direct tumor invasion or metastasis, also known as paracancer syndrome, which can appear before or after the diagnosis of lung cancer, or at the same time, often manifested as organ symptoms other than the chest, such as hypercalcemia, antidiuretic hormone secretion abnormal syndrome, ectopic Cushing syndrome, neuromuscular dysfunction, blood system abnormalities, etc
.

Figure 2 Lung cancer diagnosis flow chart
For more lung cancer-related content, you can enter the clinical guide APP and the medical guide mini program! The knowledge points related to lung cancer in this article are all from the "Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer of the Chinese Medical Association (2022 Edition)
".

Chinese Medical Association Lung Cancer Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (2022 Edition)
If you want to see more clinical guidelines related to lung cancer, click the link below to go to the Yimaitong Guidelines Mini Program to view it~

Two good news for clinical guideline APP!
1.
The original PDF text of the guidelines of the Chinese Medical Association will be restored from November 30, and the original PDF
text of the guidelines of the Chinese Medical Association can be downloaded in the APP-Guide channel and the clinical guideline APP, and sent to the mailbox
。
The steps to obtain the original PDF are as follows: Step 1:
Enter the Chinese Medical Association Guide Area

Step 2: Click the "Get Original" button

belowStep 3: Enter your email address and submit

Step 4: Receive and download the original

PDF by email
2.
Continuous check-in can get a download coupon!
What if I want to download and view the VIP Guide? Xiaobian tells you a free way to get it~
Sign in for 6 consecutive days in the clinical guideline APP, you can get 1 guide download coupon! Can be used for guidelines
with VIP logo in the clinical guideline APP.

TIPS: The single guide download coupon is valid for 3 months, so use it in time~

END

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