Water control and weight loss are in place

Recently, the clarion call for drought resistance in winter wheat producing areas has been sounded.
After nearly three years of demonstration training and promotion of water and fertilizer integration, farmers in Hebei Province no longer throw chemical fertilizers into the fields and flood the fields with flooding, but gradually learn to use micro-sprinkler irrigation, self-propelled sprinkler irrigation, fixed sprinkler irrigation and water-fertilizer integration technology.
Water saving and pressure mining, water control and weight loss.
Today, let us pay attention to what they can learn from their practices in fighting drought, saving water, and losing weight? In early April, the land in Yanzhao was windy and the sun was warm, and the winter wheat had entered the stage of getting up and jointing.
Liu Junbo, a farmer in Renxian County, Hebei, came to the field and opened the valve to start watering and fertilizing the wheat.
Seeing the thin water line spraying from the nozzle, forming a beautiful arc and falling on the tender green leaves, Liu Junbo was happy to bloom.
Different from the past, the methods of spraying chemical fertilizers in the fields and flooding with flooding on the ridges are no longer common.
Instead, micro-sprinkler irrigation, self-propelled sprinkler irrigation, fixed sprinkler irrigation and integrated water and fertilizer technology are used.
According to Wang Hejun, director of the Soil and Fertilizer Station of Hebei Province, the pilot project for comprehensive treatment of groundwater over-extraction areas with integrated sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer equipment was built.
This year is the third year of this work, as the key to water control, weight loss and efficiency.
The technology is now being widely promoted in Hebei.
? ??? Controlled water pressure extraction allows groundwater resources to "breath"? ??? "Wheat planting is most afraid of drought.
Seedlings cannot be planted out due to drought.
When harvesting, the production will be cut down.
This will be useless for more than half a year.
" Liu Junbo said.
His family has contracted more than 1,000 acres of land.
The planting method is two crops a year.
The first crop of winter wheat and the next summer corn are all irrigated with well water, and the irrigation rate is 100%.
When the pilot work for comprehensive treatment of groundwater over-exploitation began in 2014, I heard that we would not allow more watering in the future.
The villagers were not very happy, and even some people who planned to contract the land began to retreat.
At that time, the water-saving technology experts from the Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Station came to the county to demonstrate the integration of water and fertilizer.
The villagers were not convinced that the amount of watering was reduced, and the amount of fertilizer applied was also less.
What guarantees could the output be? With these questions in mind, Liu Junbo reluctantly agreed to the experts to use their homes for demonstration tests and install the integrated micro-sprinkler irrigation equipment.
When the corn was harvested soon, Liu Junbo took the initiative to contact the technical staff of the Water Conservation Department of the Soil and Fertilizer Station, saying that he planned to contract the surrounding land and plan to install micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilization equipment, and asked experts to provide long-term guidance on water and fertilizer integration technology.
? ??? He calculated an account.
After using the integration of water and fertilizer, 95 cubic meters of water per mu of winter wheat, 45 cubic meters of water per mu of summer corn, and 140 cubic meters of water per mu in two seasons.
The average yield of winter wheat per mu is 50 kg higher than that in the surrounding farmers’ conventional areas, and the yield increase rate is 10%.
The average yield of summer corn per mu is 100 kg higher than that of the surrounding farmers’ conventional areas, and the yield rate is 15%.
The amount of fertilizer per mu of winter wheat is reduced by 3.
4 kg (reduced pure) compared with the surrounding farmers' conventional area, which saves 13.
8% of fertilizer.
The amount of fertilizer per mu of summer corn is reduced by 2 kg, which saves fertilizer 8.
1%.
In total, winter wheat saved more than 240 yuan per mu in production costs, and summer corn saved more than 110 yuan per mu.
"Water-saving and fertilizer-saving also increase production.
I opened the valve and did the work, which is very easy.
" Liu Junbo said, "As long as the policy supports, I will always use this technology.
" ???? Not only farmers benefit, but the ecological environment is even better.
Can be improved.
Zhang Lizhan, head of the Water Conservation Section of the Hebei Soil and Fertilizer Station, said that the integration of water and fertilizer technology will consume approximately 140 cubic meters of water per mu in two seasons a year.
Hebei Province can save 42 million cubic meters of water per year, which can effectively alleviate groundwater in North China.
The severe situation of over-exploitation has made the groundwater resources that have been over-utilized for years to "breathe.
" ? ??? To increase weight loss requires integrated soil, fertilizer and water technology? ??? Vegetables need sufficient water and fertilizer to ensure their growth period.
Therefore, in the context of groundwater pressure extraction, how to ensure the reduction of water consumption and the stable supply of vegetable water has become the primary problem solved by Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Department.
Agricultural technology extension personnel use the combination of plastic film mulching technology and integrated water and fertilizer technology to ensure that water and fertilizer can reach the roots of vegetables to meet the growth of vegetables, but also reduce the evaporation loss of water and reduce water consumption.
The greenhouse of Shen Guangwei's house in Yongnian County is full of vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers.
His family has five or six such greenhouses.
He said that in the past, in order to ensure production, fertilizer was applied very frequently, and a large bag of fertilizer was used for each shed each time.
Although I know that I have used it too much, I can't do it.
If you want to ensure that the entire shed is fertilized, you must wash from the shed head to the shed tail, otherwise some seedlings can't be applied if there is less fertilizer, and the shed can't be washed out if there is less water, you can only use big water and big fertilizer.
Cao Ziku, an agricultural technology extension worker in Yongnian County, told the author that the traditional habit of farmers was flood irrigation with large water, and the greenhouses were also irrigated with large water and large fertile land, with a water consumption of 300 to 400 cubic meters per mu per crop.
The water in the shed is too humid, and the plants can easily get sick.
Since the use of water and fertilizer integration technology, the water consumption in the field has been reduced by 2/3 compared with the original, and the fertilizer has been reduced by about 1/3.
Also, because the shed is no longer too wet, crop diseases are significantly reduced, and the amount of pesticides is also reduced accordingly.
The integrated technology of drip irrigation under the vegetable film with water and fertilizer solves the problems of poor soil structure, water leakage and fertilizer leakage in Hebei area, and promotes the large-scale planting of vegetables.
Since 2014, the pilot vegetable under-mulch drip irrigation integrated water and fertilizer technology project has been implemented in 33 counties in 4 cities, Hengshui, Cangzhou, Handan, and Xingtai, with an investment of 320 million yuan, an implementation scale of 200,000 mu, and a total water saving of 0.
4.
More than 100 million cubic meters, the rainwater collection capacity reaches 0.
300 million cubic meters.
? ??? The integration of one control and one reduction of water and fertilizer plays an important role? ??? In response to the hard constraints of my country’s "less land and water shortage" resources, the Ministry of Agriculture has proposed the goal of "one control, two reductions and three basic" to control the total amount of agricultural water use.
, Reduce the amount of fertilizers and pesticides.
Water-fertilizer integration technology refers to dissolving fertilizers in water, with the help of pipeline irrigation systems, irrigation and fertilization are carried out at the same time, to meet the needs of crops for water and nutrients in a timely and appropriate amount, and to achieve integrated management and efficient use of water and fertilizer.
Compared with the traditional model, the integration of water and fertilizer has realized a revolutionary change in water and fertilizer management, that is, the transformation of channel water delivery to pipeline water delivery, the transformation of irrigation to crops, the transformation of soil fertilization to crop fertilization, and the separation of water and fertilizer to the integration of water and fertilizer.
The effective supply of water and fertilizer to crops improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, thereby reducing water consumption and fertilizer consumption.
Du Sen, director of the Water Conservation Division of the National Agricultural Technology Center, said that to win the "one control and one reduction" battle of controlling the total amount of agricultural water and reducing the amount of fertilizer, the integration of water and fertilizer must be the "main force.
" At present, the Ministry of Agriculture is formulating a work plan to promote the integration of water and fertilizer technology.
The next step will be based on the climate characteristics of different regions, the current situation of water resources, agricultural planting methods, and water and fertilizer coupling technical requirements.
The six major areas of He Orchard, focusing on the six major crops of corn, wheat, potato, cotton, vegetables, and fruit trees, promote the integrated water and fertilizer technology model to ensure that the extension area will reach 150 million mu by 2020, and further improve the effect of water control and weight loss in agricultural production.