Wang Xichun: Remember "three-car paint will fight" - China's OEM automotive paint coating development process

China's automobile industry started in the 1950s, new China just set up Chairman Mao visited the Soviet Union, in January 1950 Chairman Mao visited the Stalin automobile factory to accompany comrades said: "We also want to have such a factory." The construction of the first automobile manufacturing plant became one of the key industrial construction projects supported by the Soviet Union and the first five-year plan. Chairman Mao personally planned and made decisions, in June 1953 issued the "CPC Central Committee on the three-year construction of Changchun Automobile Factory Directive", and then wrote down the "first automobile manufacturing plant foundation memorial" inscription (see figure 1), and for the new car named "liberation card. After three years of design and preparation, in 1953 laid the foundation for the construction of FAW, with the support of the people of the country and the assistance of the Soviet Union, on July 13, 1956, the first liberation license plate car opened the assembly line, ending the history of our country can not manufacture cars.
Figure 1 FAW's entrepreneurial process
China's car industry started in 1957, according to Chairman Mao in April 1956, "On the Ten Relationships" report said that "when can we sit in our own production of cars" spirit, an aircraft department in May 1957 formally issued the task of producing cars to the auto factory, and put forward the "sooner the better" requirements. From 1958 to 1959, FAW spread a loud slogan: take the "east wind", show "red flag", built a high-class car to meet Chairman Mao. FAW plant mobilization, in May 1958 built Dongfeng brand car, May 21 afternoon Chairman Mao and Lin Boyuan together in a car around the garden for two laps, happy to say: "get in our own car." In August of the same year FAW completed the "Red Flag" high-class car trial production, the founding of the 10th anniversary of the first batch production. "Eleven" before the first batch of production of 30 high-class cars and 2 parade vehicles sent to Beijing, to the central head of the car change, and accept the inspection. During the same period, BAIC test production of "Jinggangshan brand" car, SAIC test production of "Phoenix brand" intermediate car, after national economic adjustment, the early 1960s formed changchun and Shanghai two car production base, the production of "red flag brand" high-class car (see Figure 2) and Shanghai brand intermediate car, production capacity is very small, only an annual output of about a thousand units.
figure 2 "Red Flag" brand high-class car photo (pictured is the author of this article)
review of China's 70 years of automotive industry development, can be divided into the first 30 years and 40 years of reform and opening up two stages
(the first 30 years of difficult entrepreneurial development and the last 40 years of rapid development)
.
The first 30 years of difficult entrepreneurial development:
Compared with The Japanese automobile industry, which started at the same time, the development of China's automobile industry in the first 30 years was extremely slow; Reasons for difficult development: lack of development finance (backwardness and poverty in basic industries), Western blockades, embargoes and the breakdown of the late China-Soviet alliance, prejudices in understanding (e.g., the use of cars as "luxury goods", a policy of non-support for the car industry to determine car production based on roads and oil production, rather than mutual promotion of relations) and a lack of market competitiveness in the planned economy.
40 years of rapid development: 40 years
reform and opening-up is 40 years of rapid development of China's automobile industry. Since 1980, the door of the country opened, frequent technical exchanges at home and abroad, in 1987 ushered in the development of the car industry spring, the establishment of "market for technology, capital", take the road of joint venture, the development of the car industry, so that China's automotive industry in the past 20 years produced three "blowout"-style development. Since 2009, China has become the world's largest production and marketing country for 10 consecutive years (in 2018, China completed annual production and sales of nearly 30 million vehicles), the automobile industry has become the real pillar industry of the national economy. Cars into the ordinary people's families, dotted with cities and villages, in order to build a well-off society, the realization of modern civilization, living (living) music, lay a good foundation. Automotive products are no longer a decades-old system, the annual market of new products (models) and colors have dozens of kinds of paint with a variety of colors (metallic flash color, pearl color and a variety of nature), can catch up with fashion trends and adapt to personalized needs. Automotive coatings - Paint industry with the development of the automotive industry has been developed and developed simultaneously, OEM automotive coatings have undergone five updates.
1, China's OEM automotive coatings . . . coating development process
automotive coatings including automotive OEM coatings and automotive repair coatings two categories. OEM coatings refer to coatings for new car coating lines (commonly known as original paints), which include coatings for automotive body and parts coating lines. With the development of the automobile industry, product decoration, protection improvement and coating technology progress, coating quality and environmental regulations driven by China's OEM automotive coatings in 70 years from nothing, from weak to strong, quality and variety, color has been in line with the world, but also has become the automotive paint production and consumption of the world's largest country. This paper introduces the process of OEM automotive coating and coating replacement (see Table 1) on behalf of OEM paint for automotive body.
the first generation of OEM automotive coatings
before FAW was completed and put into operation, China did not have OEM automotive coatings, only a small number of nitro-spray-based automotive repair coatings. In the preparation and construction of FAW at the same time with FAW, the Ministry of Chemical Industry from the former Soviet Union to introduce a complete set of OEM automotive coating manufacturing technology, and by the Tianjin Yongming paint factory, samples sent to the Soviet Union Stalin Automobile Factory inspection and approval. This is China's first generation of OEM automotive paint, it is made up of aolic acid resin primer and finish (4 kinds), nitro paint (5 kinds) and asphalt paint (4 kinds) three systems of truck paint, its paint quality performance is slightly higher than sufang (then the prototype "Giss (3NC)" truck also uses nitro paint).
the first generation of OEM automotive coatings after several years of use and subsequent car coating needs, showing serious quality problems:
1, the coating process is backward, the coating resistance is poor. Pre-painting treatment is not perfect, non-phosphate treatment and technology is not mastered, hand-painted, body cavity and gap surface can not be painted, and the gap is not sealed, in the southern coastal areas using coating foaming, two years of perforated corrosion. Exported to Cuba by sea, cars are parked on decks, unserotected, and when disembed, they become old cars (yellow water, foaming coating, loss of light, color change).
2, paint coating appearance decoration is poor (poor freshness), color monotony, black is not black, white is not white, color is not bright. Such as special black paint gray, red phase, imported high-class car special black face paint blue phase, comfortable.
3, engine, chassis, frame, castings with five kinds of nitro paint (aluminum powder, car skin green, black three paint and two brown primers) per car consumption is large, in addition to its fast-drying characteristics, the construction viscosity of the solid score is low, VOC emissions, fire risk, coating performance in general, at that time in the foreign automotive industry nitro paint has been phased out object.
second-generation OEM automotive coatings
, FAW asked its superiors (one machine, the Ministry of Chemical Industry) to coordinate the above-mentioned problems. At the beginning of 1961, in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, the Tianjin Chemical Research Institute (the predecessor of Lanzhou, Changzhou Coating Institute) held a seminar on car paint with the participation of representatives of Shanghai Paint Institute, Shenyang Paint Factory, Dalian Paint Factory, FAW, SAIC and others (see Figure 3). The meeting recommended that the Ministry of Chemical Industry in response to the above-mentioned quality issues, coordinate the organization of paint factory and research institute conference war, the development of a new generation of OEM automotive paint, the development and export truck with high amino paint and "red flag" brand of high-class cars with special black thermoset acrylic paint as a ministry-level subject of the Ministry of Chemical Industry. For the "Red Flag", "Shanghai" brand cars and export trucks to organize car paint war (the process and results of the war can be seen in the next section).
Figure 3 The Ministry of Chemical Industry held a car paint conference representative photo (1961)
from left to right: Yegong (Shenyang Paint Factory), Jigong (Shanghai Paint Institute), Wang Xichun (FAW), Liang General (Chemical Institute, former Tianjin Paint Factory General Division), Zhanggong (SAIC), Jigong (Dalian Paint Factory), Sheng Jingxiang (Chemical Institute)
Third Generation OEM Automotive Coatings
In the 1980s, FAW, FAW and Jiqi introduced three cab coating lines from the UK, and in order to match the introduction of coating lines, Shenyang and Beijing paint factories introduced two sets of OEM automotive coatings consisting of cathode electrophoresis (CED) paint, medium coating and local high amino resin finishes (SB, MS type) from Kansi, Japan, and Sturak, Austria, respectively. At the same time, with the development of the automobile industry, the establishment of BAIC Jeep, Changan Suzuki, Shanghai Volkswagen, Nanjing Iveco, Guangzhou Peugeot, Tianjin Xiali and other car companies, triggered a round of automotive paint technology introduction boom, such as Shanghai paint factory, Changchun paint factory, Wuhan Shuanghu, Shenzhen Weixin and other paint companies have introduced automotive paint manufacturing technology, to support the above-mentioned car companies. This third-generation OEM automotive paint coating process is: "wet touch wet" (2C1B) single coating process (Monocoat, that is, both finishes are the same color, the same variety of paint), the color of the color as the main body.
Fourth generation OEM automotive coatings
In the 1990s, with the implementation of the policy of "market-for-technology and capital, take the road of joint venture to develop the car industry", large multinational car companies in the world have come to China to form joint venture car companies, follow the demand for the introduction of automotive products, by foreign companies to build automotive body coating lines, requiring supporting the supply of corresponding OEM automotive coatings, international automotive coating companies also came to China to set up joint ventures, basically the introduction of automotive products from which country, the adoption of the country's automotive coating system. Adapting to the high decorative (metal flash paint) of the car body, in line with the international car companies, the OEM automotive coating produced by the companies is China's fourth generation OEM automotive paint, its paint spraying process is "wet touch wet" double-coated paint spraying process (i.e., primer BC-mask varnish CC spraying process), color for a variety of flash colors, pearl color and color. This generation is known as high-quality high-decorative China's fourth generation OEM automotive coatings (still SB, MS type).
5th generation OEM automotive coatings
into the 21st century, clean production, environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction regulations are becoming more and more stringent, driven by regulations, advocating the concept of "green coating", automotive coatings must be green transformation and upgrading, the use of environmentally friendly low VOC coatings (water-based coatings, high solid sub-coats, powder coatings) and efficient green coating technology. Such as Pb-free, non-Sn film ultra-high-swimming permeable CED coating, water-based medium coating and water-based primer, "three wet" (3Wet) 3C1B non-compact and compact (no medium coating) coating process, roll-immersion pre-treatment electrophoresis coating technology, fully automatic robot cup static spray technology and so on. This fifth generation OEM automotive coating is based on water-based paint as the main body, its typical coating process: environmentally friendly conversion membrane pre-treatment process→ film ultra-high swimming permeable CED process → drying→ water-based coating→ Water pre-drying → water-based primer (BC1-BC2)→dewing pre-drying→ solvent-based cover varnish→ drying (140 degrees C30min). The quality and performance of the coating should not be lower than that of the fourth generation OEM automotive coatings, which require VOC emissions ≤ 10g/m2.
Table 1 China's automotive body with OEM paint, coating replacement list
Note: 1, SB organic solvent-based; WB water-based; MS, HS, LS, respectively, medium, high, low solids; BC for primer, CC for hood paint.
2, AED for anode electrophoresis coating, CED for cathode electrophoresis coating (to swim through the high and low generation).
3, 2C2B for two coatings baked twice, 2C1B for the "wet touch wet" process, that is, spray two paint bakes once, 3C2B for spray three paint bakes twice, 3C1B for "3 wet" process, that is, spray three paint baking once.
2, recall the three-car paint war - self-developed second-generation OEM car paint documentary
2.1 three-car paint will be war documentary
in the Western blockade embargo, the breakdown of the China-Soviet alliance, the country's economy is more tense background In the 1960s and 1970s (1960-1980), to solve the quality problems existing in the first generation of OEM automotive coatings, we can only take the road of self-improvement, mobilize the masses, organize the "three combined" team, joint attack. The Ministry of Chemical Industry mobilized manufacturers and paint research institutes that produce industrial paints represented by automotive paints to participate in the three-car paint conference. Units to respond to the call, draw elite (such as Tianjin factory Chen Shijie, Zhang Zhixuan; Shanghai factory Yuan Baoli; Tianjin Chemical Institute Wei Wenchuan, Sheng Jingxiang; Lanzhou coatings Bao Qiyu, Su Cisheng, etc.) organization team responsible for attack, for the glory of the country, independent innovation and development of China's second generation OEM automotive paint.
The production of automotive paint more experienced Tianjin paint factory and Shanghai paint factory for the car trial set of coatings (epoxy primer, medium coating, putty), special "red flag" brand high-class car development of high-quality synthetic resin (acrylic and silicone resin) modified special black nitro-magnetic paint (code-named 639 and 3-1). After spraying, this special black nitro paint can be heat treatment at 100 to 110 degrees C, the coating has better mechanical properties and temperature resistance, can polish and decorate, the appearance of good decoration. To meet the needs of current production at that time.
Shanghai Zhenhua paint factory, Tianjin Chemical Institute developed bean green amino paint instead of acetic resin paint, Shenyang paint factory developed anode electrophoresis (AED) paint instead of iron erythrenolate resin primer, developed fast-drying styrene modified aleate resin coating and two-part epoxy asphalt base plate paint to replace nitro spray paint.
2.2 three-car paint will fight the course
in order to further improve the appearance of automotive paint decoration, weather resistance, moisture-resistant heat and construction performance, to meet the needs of medium and high-class cars and export trucks (buses), catch up with the international advanced level, according to the instructions of the central leadership, the Ministry of Chemical Industry to Lanzhou Paint Research Institute issued the development of three-car paint task. Three-car paint department pointed out the mouth truck, "red flag" brand high-class cars and export passenger cars (Aid Africa's Tanzan railway bus) with paint, the specific types of paint developed are: high amino content of melamine resin paint, special black thermoset acrylic magnetic paint, 2K type polyurethane acrylic resin paint. The Ministry of Chemical Industry organized three-car paint will fight, joint attack. After 4 to 5 years of war, three vehicles with paint have achieved fruitful results, respectively, won the Ministry of Chemical Industry Science and Technology Progress Award.
Export truck paint: Lanzhou paint developed export truck paint is high amino content of coconut oil or synthetic fatty acid modified amino resin paint, and this scientific and technological achievements arranged in Shenyang, Beijing paint factory production and supply FAW, FAW.
high-end car with special black thermoset acrylic magnetic paint: in the Ministry of Chemical Industry Science and Technology Bureau