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The Omicron variant of the new coronavirus, which is now circulating widely around the world, was first detected in Botswana and South Africa in November 2021, and it quickly replaced the Delta variant as the dominant global variant
.
As the Omicron variant continues to mutate, many new Omicron sublines have been reported to evade vaccine immunity and viral infection-induced neutralizing antibodies, and the team of Wang Pengfei of Fudan University has previously reported immune escape
of Omicron BA.
1, BA.
1.
1, BA.
2 and BA.
3.
However, new strains continue to emerge, such as BA.
2.
12.
1, BA.
4 and BA.
5, and more recently BA.
2.
75
.
The complex and high-frequency mutations of the novel coronavirus pose a serious challenge to the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies, but there is a lack of a comprehensive assessment
of the neutralization capacity of vaccine booster vaccination or breakthrough infected serum for all emerging Omicron sublines.
On October 13, 2022, Pengfei Wang/Wenhong Zhang/Zixin Hu of Fudan University and the team of Chenqi Xu of the Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published an online publication in the journal Cell Discovery: Research paper on Neutralization of Omicron BA.
4/BA.
5 and BA.
2.
75 by booster vaccination or BA.
2 breakthrough infection sera.
The study constructed the main mutant strains from January 1, 2022 to the present based on the GISAID database, including B.
1.
617.
2, BA.
1, BA.
2, BA.
3, BA.
2.
3.
1, BA.
2.
10.
1, BA.
2.
12.
1, BA.
2.
13, BA.
2.
75 and BA.
4/BA.
5, covering more than
91% of all current mutant strains.
The study evaluated the neutralization sensitivity of serum to the latest Omicron mutant strain of people who received a booster dose of domestic inactivated vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) or recombinant protein vaccine (ZF2001) and breakthrough infection of the new coronavirus Omicron BA.
2.
Although BA.
2.
75 accumulates the largest number of mutations in its spike protein, BA.
4/5 showed the strongest serum escape properties
in both homologous and heterogonal reinforcement groups.
Among the three-dose vaccinated, the heterologous booster group had a higher neutralizing titer for both WT and Delta variants than the homologous booster group
.
Compared with the homologous and heterologous vaccine booster groups, BA.
2 breakthrough infection significantly increased the neutralizing antibody titer and maintained high neutralizing activity
against Omicron BA.
2 and its derived variants and BA.
4/5.
Wang Xun of Fudan University, Ai Jingwen of Huashan Hospital, Li Xiangnan and Zhao Xiaoyu of Fudan University, Wu Jing and Zhang Haocheng of Huashan Hospital and He Xing of the Center of Excellence in Molecular Cells of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are the co-first authors of the paper, and Wang Pengfei and Zhang Wenhong, both PIs of the School of Life Sciences of Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Major Infectious Diseases and Biosafety are double-employed.
Xu Chenqi, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Hu Zixin, Key Laboratory of Modern Anthropology, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, and Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Industry, Fudan University, are co-corresponding authors
of the paper.
Previously, on July 22, 2022, Wang Pengfei's team also published a research paper titled: Neutralization of distinct Omicron sublineages by longitudinal vaccination sera in the Journal of Medical Virology.
The study longitudinally monitored the effectiveness of
domestic vaccine immunoseros against different Omicron variants.
These seras came from individuals who received the BBIBP-CorV or ZF2001 vaccine as a booster dose on days 14, 28, 90, and 180 before and after the booster dose
.
The research team observed a significant increase in neutralization titer for different Omicron mutant strains after booster vaccination, and the neutralization titer reached its highest point on day 14 or 28 after vaccination, and then showed a continuous downward trend, and the decay rate of different variants was generally similar
.
The neutralization potency of the Omicron variant is significantly lower than that of the wild-type and Delta variants, with BA.
4/5 showing the strongest neutralization escape
.
More importantly, the researchers found that for wild-type, delta variant, and Omicron subspecies, the neutralization titer on day 180 after booster vaccination was significantly higher than that before booster vaccination, further illustrating the importance of
booster vaccination.
Xun Wang, Xiaoyu Zhao, Yuchen Cui, Rui Qiao and Minghui Li of Fudan University are the co-first authors of the paper, and Pengfei Wang, both the School of Life Sciences of Fudan University and the Shanghai Institute of Major Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, are the corresponding authors
of PI.
Links to papers:
style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.
5em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;">https://doi.
org/10.
1002/jmv.
28017
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