Views and policy suggestions on Soybean Industry

Introduction: Tang Yanli Information Center Analysis Office of the Ministry of Agriculture Through the analysis of supply and demand balance and policy of soybean domestic and international market, the author has the following three suggestions from the perspectives of the state and enterprises: first, compared with Brazil, it is suggested that the state should pay attention to and support soybean production Brazil and China have no gene transfer technology, but Brazil 2001 The annual production capacity has surpassed that of the United States This year, Brazil's average soybean yield per hectare is 2708 kg / ha, while the U.S soybean yield per hectare is only 2594 kg / ha according to the statistics of USDA The main soybean producing provinces in the Midwest of Brazil have reached 2999 kg / ha this year Their high yield depends entirely on the progress of agricultural technology, such as the cultivation of new varieties, the application of new fertilizers and the control technology of harmful substances and weeds Brazil's soybean production also has restrictions on expanding high transportation costs to the Midwest and northern regions However, the government and private enterprises are planning to reduce transportation costs through their own river system, which will greatly promote soybean production in Brazil China is the hometown of soybean, but due to the lack of enough attention to soybean production, the per unit yield is far behind other countries, and now it is the largest soybean importer in the world It is said that Monsanto is applying for an international patent for a soybean research Once the patent is approved, Chinese farmers or breeding experts may have infringed Monsanto's patent without knowing it Some soybean products in China cannot even be exported And the key material of Monsanto's research comes from a wild soybean variety in China! This fact shows that China's soybean itself has high-yield genes Soybean production, like rice production, has great potential for high-yield, but it lacks enough attention and research and development to soybean production Therefore, the author believes that China should learn from Brazil, attach importance to soybeans and improve per unit yield From the perspective of meeting WTO rules, we should give various supports to soybean production, especially to increase green box policy support, such as strengthening agricultural scientific research, scientific and technological promotion, pest control, infrastructure construction, etc Second, compared with the United States, it is also a market economy to suggest that the state subsidize farmers American farmers are very different from Chinese farmers, and the government takes risks for them After China's accession to the WTO, China's soybean production without subsidies and the international soybean production with huge subsidies compete with each other, and the result is conceivable (1) without subsidies, farmers' interests cannot be guaranteed, and their enthusiasm for planting will naturally decline From this year's soybean purchase situation, soybean farmers in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other major producing areas generally lost money, and they had to accept the low market price, which greatly damped the enthusiasm of farmers to grow beans, resulting in the lingering growth of soybean planting area in China (2) soybean industry is related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and its sustainable development is of great significance As the most important oil, feed raw materials and food crops, soybean's supply and demand and price changes affect a series of changes, such as the cost of edible oil, animal husbandry, people's living consumption and nutrition level From the perspective of resource allocation, China is more and more dependent on imported soybeans, and the market space of domestic soybeans is smaller and smaller Once there is a contradiction between the distribution of interests and the exporting countries due to political reasons, China will be in a disadvantageous situation (3) subsidies for soybean production will not only enhance the competitiveness of domestic soybeans, but also directly benefit Chinese farmers, which is of great significance for stabilizing our agricultural country At the beginning of this year, when the sown area of the main production provinces was generally reduced, only Jilin's sown area was relatively stable, because Jilin implemented the "soybean corn rotation plan", implemented the "order based" production of rotation soybean, and gave 0.2 yuan / jin of subsidies to farmers and purchasing enterprises Jilin provincial government signed an agreement with Jilin Deda company and other grain consuming enterprises on 333000 hectares, so the soybean planting area in Jilin Province has been stabilized this year (4) subsidies for the soybean industry are in line with international practice Developed countries not only have price support for farmers, but also have direct subsidies, both of which belong to yellow box subsidies or green box subsidies According to WTO rules, China's Micro licensing is 8.5%, so there is a lot of room for subsidies for soybean production In terms of the state's ability to pay, it should not be a big problem In 2000, China imported 2.27 billion US dollars in foreign exchange for soybeans From January to September this year, the foreign exchange expenditure of 2.25 billion US dollars in foreign exchange for imported soybeans can be fully transferred to domestic farmers (5) of course, subsidies to farmers are not as easy to operate as those in western developed countries, because our country is limited by the small scale of farmers, low quality and unsuitable local management level However, in the long run, the state should gradually establish the policy idea of providing direct subsidies for farmers In the implementation steps, it is necessary to further deepen the reform of grain circulation system and carry out tax reform 3 It is suggested that enterprises should make rational use of futures market to hedge and avoid risks The futures market of agricultural products can find the trend of long-term price change, which provides an intermediary means for enterprises to avoid some inherent risks in grain production and operation For example, the production enterprises can sell soybeans on favorable futures prices, avoid the risk of soybean price falling during harvest, and the management enterprises can buy soybeans when the futures price is low, so as to avoid the shortage of soybean supply The risk of rising prices Therefore, it is suggested that production enterprises and management enterprises can reasonably use futures market to hedge and reduce market risk.